Investment - Investasi

Gold Investment - Investasi Emas

2011-12-29T06:39:00.000-08:00

Do you know there are many investment choices available in gold today? You can invest in gold not only in the form of gold jewelry and gold bars just as well (a form of investment in gold is the most widely known today) but you can also invest in other forms of gold.

Besides you can invest in physical gold (physical form such as gold jewelry, gold bantagan, gold coins, etc.), you also can invest in paper assets such as buying shares of gold mining companies as well as derivative products such as buying gold futures contracts.

Let us discuss one by one around the various gold investments:

1. Gold Jewelry If your goal is to invest in gold short-term profits, will usually be difficult to get a profit if you invest in gold jewelry. This is because when you come to the store to buy gold and gold jewelry, you have to pay the price of gold jewelry is purchased plus the cost of manufacture.
And later when one day you want to sell it back, then the gold shops will not want to pay the cost of manufacture of gold jewelry. Gold shops will only pay the price of gold alone. And not all stores will accept gold or buy gold jewelry. Some gold shops are sometimes refused to purchase gold jewelry from the public. The causes can vary, which one of them is because they fear that it did not sell gold jewelry for sale again because models are outdated. So even if they buy again, they have to melt gold. Or you can also store gold do not want to buy gold jewelry at that time due to fluctuating gold prices are going up and down and they do not want to buy high diharga. So it's likely your valued jewelry gold price is lower than the price of gold at the time you want to sell it.

2. Gold Bars Investment gold is best investment in the form of gold bullion (gold bullion). Gold is quite good when used as a means of investment, and whoever does not deny that different gold bullion with gold jewelry. Gold bullion is easier to resell. In addition, gold does not ask the cost of manufacture as well as gold jewelry. Therefore, if you want to invest gold, it would not hurt you to consider investing in gold bullion.

3. Gold Coins Gold Coins ONH (hajj fare). That is, of gold coins is expected to be as an investment alternative for those who want to save money to prepare for the Hajj expenses.
Naming ONH is actually only a marketing tactic alone. In fact, although his name Gold Coins ONH, but this investment is the same as other gold investment because the price of gold are the same. They cost the same as the gold price following the price of foreign currency (U.S. dollars), and secure against inflation. That is, people who are not even Muslims can invest in Gold Coins ONH is because of this investment is actually just the same as other gold investments. In fact, naming the ONH on Gold Coins in fact be very beneficial holder, because gold will more likely have a better positioning in the market.

4. Gold Certificate Gold certificate is a piece of paper that is proof of ownership of gold stored at the bank in a country. The owner of this gold certificate only holds one sheet of paper that can only be cashed at the bank. The principle of the gold certificates is an alternative investment that is quite profitable because the owner does not remove the storage cost of gold. Unlike the case when buying gold in physical form, which requires a fee for storage like storing gold in safe deposit box.

5. Gold Mining Stocks You can also buy shares of gold mining companies as an alternative you invest in gold. In the state of the gold market is rising or bullish, stocks usually move faster than the price of physical gold itself. Which means that when gold prices rise, then the share price of the shares of gold mining companies are also jumping higher. But for gold investment by buying shares of gold mining companies, you should be careful about stock investing and learn first, because you invest in shares of gold mining companies. Gold mining company whose shares are sold in the capital market today is PT.Antam Limited with share code ANTM.

6. Gold Futures Contract At this time there BBJ gold contract, a lot is 1 kilogram, gold is gold precious metal purity 99.99%, we can trade physical but also be able to trade futures. Obviously you need to learn more for gold investment in gold contracts in this Futures Exchange.
The things above are all sorts of investment in gold that you can select and do. Surely the easiest as the general public is investment gold bullion and gold jewelry. And if your investment goal is to invest in gold, choose gold bullion. You can invest in gold jewelry, if you prefer to buy gold jewelry to wear.

Congratulations to invest in gold!

Online trading, Maltina counts blessings

2011-12-29T01:27:00.001-08:00

Following its resolve to ensure that Nigerians relive happy moments in their lives after unveiling its new look and pay-off line “Sharing happiness” The Maltina website which was dedicated specifically for that use has recorded close to two million visits. The site was opened about a week ago.

Modalities for participation, according to Mrs. Ngozi Nkwoji, senior brand manager, Maltina is quite simple and straight forward. “All a consumer need to do is to take a snap shot of themselves, family members and friends while they are sharing happy moments. The photos can range from graduation, birthday party, beach outing etc.

They are to upload such photos on the Maltina site, give a brief description and submit. A confirmation mail will then be sent to acknowledge receipt.”

Nkwoji stressed that the best “Happy Moments” will be selected and the owners will be contacted through phone call where they will have the opportunity of connecting with Nigerian celebrities in the spirit of sharing happiness.

This move is in line with the brand’s resolve to further strengthen its leadership position in the Nigerian malt drinks market. The new look and pay-off line are both part of a brand proposition rejuvenation process designed to ensure Maltina remains connected to the sophisticated and savvy 21st century Nigerian consumers.

www.vanguardngr.com

JSE reforms to boost investment

2011-12-29T01:01:00.000-08:00

Cape Town - South Africa wants all inward listed shares on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange classified as “domestic” for purposes of trading, as it reforms its prudential and investment regulatory policies to boost investment and reduce the cost of doing business, the Treasury said on Tuesday.

To reduce the cost of cross-border remittances, the Treasury also proposed removing ownership restrictions on international participation in foreign currency exchange bureaus, also known as authorised dealers with limited authority.

The inward listed shares should also be included in the indices of the local bourse, the largest in Africa, the Treasury said.

Prudential institutions would still be required to report their foreign exposures to the regulatory authorities, subject to regulatory criteria.

“This proposal is intended to enhance the ability of the JSE to attract new listings and boost investments into Africa,” the Treasury said in its medium-term budget policy statement tabled in parliament by Finance Minister Pravin Gordhan.

The requirement for money remitters to partner authorised dealers will also be removed, while remitters will be regulated as standalone bodies, subject to relevant oversight.

www.fin24.com

JPMorgan Shares Fall as Investment-Bank Slump Weighs on Net

2011-12-29T00:59:00.000-08:00

Oct. 13 (Bloomberg) -- JPMorgan Chase & Co., the second- largest U.S. bank by assets, fell 4.8 percent in New York trading after the company reported that profit declined on a slump in investment banking and trading.

JPMorgan dropped $1.60 to $31.60 at 4:15 p.m. on the New York Stock Exchange. Third-quarter earnings at the New York-based lender fell to about $3.1 billion, or 73 cents a share, not including a 29-cent accounting gain, from $4.71 billion on the same basis a year earlier.

Revenue at the investment-banking unit slid 13 percent from the second quarter as concern that Greece would default and U.S. lawmakers would fail to raise the debt ceiling roiled markets. The firm said the division will face similar market conditions for the rest of the year.

“There was a lot of noise in this number,” said Paul Miller, a former examiner with the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia and analyst at FBR Capital Markets. “When you look at the core number and back out the benefit of securities gains and tax benefit, it's starting to look like a mid-70 cent number” for earnings per share, he said.

Net income was $4.26 billion, or $1.02 a share, compared with the average per-share estimate for adjusted earnings of 92 cents in a survey of 30 analysts by Bloomberg, the New York-based company said today.

Underlying Business

The debt-valuation accounting gain “does not relate to the underlying operations of the company,” Chief Executive Officer Jamie Dimon, 55, said in a statement. Dimon said on a conference call with journalists that the after-tax effect of the accounting change was about 60 percent of the total gain for the quarter.

Matthew Burnell, an analyst at Wells Fargo & Co., estimated JPMorgan would post $350 million in gains from the change in debt valuation. U.S. accounting rules require the adjustment when the value of a company's debt declines, under the theory that a profit would be realized if it were repurchased at a discount.

Third-quarter revenue declined 0.2 percent to $23.8 billion from a year earlier. Fixed-income and equity-markets revenue rose to $4.75 billion from $4.3 billion, driven by more than $900 million in debt-valuation adjustments.

Jes Staley, CEO of JPMorgan's investment bank, braced investors last month for the drop in trading revenue from the second quarter, when the company generated $5.5 billion from that business. The investment bank's staff dropped to 26,615 in the third quarter from 27,716 in the second quarter, a decline of 4 percent.

Deposit Growth

Total deposits surged 21 percent from a year earlier, to $1.1 trillion.

The company's credit-card division, which posted losses for all of 2009, generated almost 20 percent of JPMorgan's net income for the quarter. The investment bank accounted for 38 percent.

Fewer consumers fell behind on their credit-card payments in the third quarter. Loans at least 30 days overdue, a signal of future write-offs, fell to 2.9 percent from 4.6 percent in the same quarter in 2010 and 3.0 percent in the second quarter. Write-offs dropped to 4.7 percent from 8.9 percent the prior year and 5.8 percent in the previous quarter.

The slower decline in delinquency rates explains why the company reduced its loan-loss reserve by only $170 million, Dimon said on a conference call with analysts.

Mixed Results

“If you look at delinquencies, low rates, first-time delinquent, all that kind of stuff, they're kind of mixed. It could very well improve again, but it's flattened out,” Dimon said.

Brennan Hawken at UBS Investment Research in New York was expecting a reserve release closer to $1 billion.

“The worry is that they are seeing something in credit that has caused them to stop releasing reserves,” Hawken said in an interview. “That means there could be some trend going on that has caused them to be cautious.”

Retail banking, which includes home loans and checking accounts, earned $1.16 billion, compared with $383 million during the second quarter and $716 million a year earlier. The division benefited from a $370 million reduction in loan-loss provisions to $1.03 billion.

Net Interest Margin

JPMorgan, which has benefited from record low costs of funding mortgages and other assets, faces a squeeze on its net interest margin -- the difference between what it pays to borrow money and what it gets for loans and on securities.

The bank's margin narrowed to 2.66 percent from 2.72 percent the previous quarter and 3.01 percent a year earlier.

“Trading overall in the third quarter is going to be challenged amid dislocations both home and abroad,” Jason Goldberg, a senior bank analyst at Barclays Capital in New York, said in an interview yesterday. “During the quarter, you saw both a slowdown in investment-banking activity and more challenging trading conditions amid a spike in volatility fueled by concerns in Europe.”

Slowing economic growth and heightened concern about European sovereign debt have weighed on bank stocks all year. The KBW Bank Index had dropped 28 percent this year, and the worst performer, Bank of America Corp., is down 53 percent. A jump in borrowing costs at some banks, including New York-based Morgan Stanley, subsided last week as investors became more optimistic that European Union policy makers will find a solution.

JPMorgan was the first of the major U.S. lenders to report third-quarter results.

Citigroup Inc., the third-biggest U.S. bank, may report a profit of $2.49 billion when it releases results on Oct. 17, and Wells Fargo, based in San Francisco, will probably say it earned $3.87 billion when it announces results the same day, the surveys of analysts shows. Bank of America may report a profit of $2.73 billion on Oct. 18.

To contact the editor responsible for this story: David Scheer at dscheer@bloomberg.net

http://news.businessweek.com

Fiscal fix needed for jobs, investment - Blackrock

2011-12-29T00:57:00.001-08:00

NEW YORK, Sept 15 | Thu Sep 15, 2011 9:43am EDT

NEW YORK, Sept 15 (Reuters) - The United States needs to use fiscal as well as monetary policy to boost the economy if it wants to convince cash-rich corporations to start hiring and investing, Bob Doll, chief equity strategist of BlackRock Inc said on Thursday at the Bloomberg Markets 50 Summit.

Doll, who helps manage BlackRock's more than $3.3 trillion in assets, said companies are more likely to raise their dividends or buy back shares than invest and hire because they don't know what policy to expect from Washington.

"That's why I think our discussion of Fed policy has to move at some point ... to fiscal policy. It's got to go there," Doll said.

The White House recently proposed a $447 billion job creation package, but it remains unclear how much of the plan will make it through a bitterly divided Congress. (Editing by James Dalgleish)

www.reuters.com

A sound investment

2011-12-29T00:56:00.000-08:00

James Cockington

January 26, 2011

'Australians are to a large extent unaware of and ill-informed about the existence of folk and popular art traditions in their own country," writes the curator of the Australian National Gallery, John McPhee, in a souvenir bicentennial booklet that shows the gallery's then-modest collection.

In 1988 he noted that there were few collections, public or private, devoted to Australiana. How things have changed.

Now Australian content adds value as well as interest. Perhaps the most obvious example is the amazing increase in prices of locally produced ceramic art on the secondary market, especially over the past decade. Prices have increased tenfold in some cases.

This also applies, less spectacularly, in the area of sheet music. Once largely ignored, anything with an Australian connection is very much in demand.

As collector Charlie Phippen (see below) puts it: "That's all they are interested in, that's all they want."

At last month's Leski auction of sporting and general memorabilia in Melbourne, Charles Leski was surprised to find that a collector was happy to pay $495 for a copy of the eight-page song sheet of Our Don Bradman.

He had given it a pre-sale estimate of $150 to $200 based on previous sales. His copy was in fair condition. A mint copy would fetch considerably more.

Even this result is conservative compared with what the sheet music of a much rarer Don Bradman song would fetch. Every Day Is a Rainbow Day for Me was composed by The Don, a keen amateur musician, in conjunction with composer Jack Lumsdaine.

Phippen estimates its value, should one ever turn up, to be about $2000 in top condition. He doesn't own a copy but was offered $1600 10 years ago in case he ever found one. The only copy he's seen is held by the Bradman Museum in Bowral.

The magical Bradman factor explains the premium prices for these two items but there are many more examples of Australian sheet music that are also steadily increasing in value.

Phippen has early examples of Waltzing Matilda and Advance Australia Fair that would also fetch healthy amounts if they were ever to be sold. His 1903 copy (words by Banjo Paterson, music arranged by Marie Cowan) was given away as a promotion by Billy Tea. It's the earliest example he's seen in sheet music form. The sprig of wattle on the cover was later reproduced on the $10 polymer note.

His guess is that it would sell for about $500 but to him it's worth much more in historical significance. Likewise, his two early versions of Advance Australia Fair, attributed to "Amicus" (Peter Dodds McCormick). He has a tatty fifth edition and a later new edition in better condition, both from the turn of the 19th century.

Again, he guesses their value to be about $500 each. Again, not for sale.

Phippen collects all kinds of sheet music but his Australiana section is one of his favourites. In his blue-chip portfolio are songs dedicated to Les Darcy, Charles Kingsford Smith, Bert Hinkler and Amy Johnson.

There's even one written for The New Guard. These are rare but not as valuable, he suspects, as his copy of Ginger Meggs's The Sunbeams Song or Felix the Cat's theme Felix Kept on Walking, each worth about $250.

"I've got two copies of Felix somewhere but I just can't find them," Phippen says.

Other rarities include a 1926 song, Miss Australia, and the 1921 hit Surf Girls, perhaps the first tune to celebrate Australian beach culture. Both are valued about $150.

Another notable collector of sheet music, Patricia Baillie, concentrates on songs about Sydney. She has about 130 titles, including songs written to commemorate the first mail to be carried by steamer from England, the visit of the Duke of Edinburgh in 1867 and several marking the opening of the Harbour Bridge. Such events were often celebrated musically and the sheet music is the only record of their existence. One that even she doesn't have is the Sydney Railway Waltz, written in 1853 to mark the first train journey from Sydney to Parramatta. The Mitchell Library has a copy, perhaps the only one.

One of the most beautiful in the Baillie collection is the Up in a Balloon Galop, a musical tribute to the 1870 ascent from The Domain by hot-air balloonist Gale. His craft is shown on the cover in full colour.

For many collectors the cover artwork is the most important factor. It can add hundreds of dollars to its value.

Rarity is another consideration and this doesn't only apply to the 19th-century hits.

"The most surprising omission from my collection is a copy of My City of Sydney by Tommy Leonetti," Baillie wrote in a story in The Antique Collector.

Recorded in 1969 by American entertainer Leonetti, then used for many years as a theme by the ATN 7 network, the sheet music to this cult classic has never been seen.

www.brisbanetimes.com.au

New day in China for Shanxi’s black gold investment

2011-12-29T00:52:00.000-08:00

By Caixin Online

TAIYUAN, China ( Caixin Online ) — The auto company Chery is investing, as is computer maker Lenovo’s partner Legend Investments, the state-run energy giant PetroChina, and private equity funds backed by insurance and securities firms.

They are among the early-rising investors as a new day dawns for the coal mining and coal-bed methane extraction (CBM) industries in Shanxi Province, where the provincial government is busy promoting mine consolidation and inviting new capital.

Black gold has long been an economic mainstay for Shanxi, which is home to about one billion cubic meters of CBM reserves — about one-third of China’s total — as well as about one-quarter of the nation’s coal reserves. But now more than ever, local coal production has become a pivotal investment target.

Strengthening this trend was a recent decision by the government based in Shanxi’s capital Taiyuan to accelerate coal industry consolidation and restructuring — a process that began in 2008.

The provincial government’s announcement in late November also underscored Shanxi’s important role in China’s national energy security strategy. One month earlier, the State Council in Beijing ruled that major coal companies would start supplying 50% of the nation’s coal demand. The ruling is tied to a central government decision to eliminate many of the small mining companies that have traditionally led the industry.

Shanxi authorities stayed in step with Beijing directives by recently giving the go-ahead for capital injections to beef up two consolidated companies, Shanxi Lu’an Mining Group /quotes/zigman/1873805 CN:601699 +0.14% and Yangquan Mining Group Co. Ltd. , which together have swallowed seven smaller concerns since 2008.

The provincial government hopes consolidation will contribute to an influx of capital for local state-owned platforms which are currently in sore need of cash.

The government’s plan for Shanxi calls for investment to total five trillion yuan ($750 billion) between 2011 and 2016 — the period for the nation’s 12th Five-Year Plan — which is twice the investment plan covering the previous five years.

Company mergers along with the Shanxi government’s capital needs appear to offer a golden opportunity for private equity firms and other investors seeking to capitalize on the consolidation trend, China’s robust appetite for coal and soaring coal prices.

PE Lure

Taoshi Equity Fund on November 11 became the first PE fund to formally invest in the Shanxi coal industry.

China Ping’An Insurance /quotes/zigman/1874839 CN:601318 -0.50% /quotes/zigman/372285 PNGAY -3.15% and Sanshan Capital each control 50% of Taoshi, and the insurer invested a start-up 10 billion yuan more than a year ago. The fund now holds about 20 billion yuan, with about half geared toward energy projects, and expects to raise 100 billion yuan over the next five years.

Provincial authorities hope to attract a lot more PE interest. “Shanxi doesn’t just need one Taoshi, but eight or nine more,” a source close to Shanxi government said to Caixin.

The next big investors may be two PEs under the wings of securities fund manager CITIC Trust, which said last summer that it was prepared to provide four billion yuan to a pair of private Shanxi companies that plan to buy coal mines. In addition, a new PE firm called Rongyuan Capital has also expressed interest in Shanxi energy projects.

Ping’an and Sanshan eventually plan to sell 10% of their shares in Taoshi to large, state-owned energy groups.

So far, Taoshi has signed cooperation agreements with almost every major, government-backed coal company in Shanxi, including Yangquan Coal Industry Group, Jincheng Coal Mining Group, Shanxi Coal Import and Export Group and Shanxi International Power Group.

Caixin learned Ping’an has veto power on the Taoshi investment decision-making committee. Sanshan founder Li Shan is serving as Taoshi’s co-chairman and CEO, while two directors on the board represent Ping’an including Ping’an Trust Co-Chairman and CEO Tong Kai, who serves as Taoshi vice chairman, and Ping’an Trust Co-Chairman and President Chen Gang, who is serving as co-chairman.

Taoshi has yet to find additional investors, yet Li expects they will come in the future given energy’s attractiveness in an inflationary environment.

Capital Intensive

Shanxi’s coal industry has traditionally included small, scattered and financially weak companies — a business environment that contributed to unsafe working conditions, inefficient use of capital and serious environmental damage.

Deadly mine disasters prompted Shanxi authorities to begin the sector reform process in 2003. It finally started bearing fruit in September 2008 with the outset of company consolidations, mergers and restructurings. Now, merged entities are in a better position to finance the equipment needed to protect miners and the environment.

“Small coal mines that produced 30,000 to 50,000 tons (per year) had a hard time paying these costs” for safety and efficiency upgrades, said one mining expert.

The Shanxi government’s targets call for cutting the number of coal mining companies in the province to about 1,000 by next year and to around 800 by 2015, compared with 2,598 reported in 2009.

The goal is to increase individual mine production and raise economies of scale after convincing companies to invest heavily in technology and safety, while introducing digital, mechanical and environmentally friendly procedures.

Coal mining is risky and sometimes deadly. But a high-tech mine can be less dangerous. The mining expert noted, for example, that “with a annual production of a 10 million ton, digital, mechanized mine has only 10 or 20 miners.”

In the future, “unimaginable” mine disasters could occur “if our major mines don’t actively commit to technological upgrading or innovative capital investment,” the expert said.

In addition to coal digging technology, energy investors in Shanxi are focusing on CBM, a low-polluting gas that requires capital-intensive extraction methods. This type of methane was typically vented at coal mines before the development of technology for its capture and shipment.

Globally, accessible CBM has been estimated at about 24 billion cubic meters — more than twice the world’s natural gas reserves. And China is said to have the third largest CBM reserves in the world.

CBM extraction requires pipelines, storage and its conversion into electricity or thermal energy. One system can cost “at least 500 billion yuan,” said one source.

In addition to capital hurdles, policy issues may stand in the way of CBM development — issues that “need to be remedied soon,” a source in the Shanxi business community said.

Coal rights are administered by Shanxi province authorities, while natural gas and CBM extraction rights are handled by the central government’s Ministry of Land and Resources.

Currently, only PetroChina /quotes/zigman/257868/quotes/nls/ptr PTR +1.02% /quotes/zigman/21986 HK:857 +0.41% and China United Coalbed Methane are licensed by the central government to extract CBM and must cooperate with local coal companies for methane access.

But PetroChina is stretching its wings. Caixin learned the energy giant recently proposed new joint ventures with Shanxi enterprises. It’s also inviting PE investors and is communicating with provincial leaders.

Joint development also means new opportunities for capital sources such as PE funds. “I’m very optimistic about coal bed methane investment,” said Shanshan’s Li.

Eventually, many Shanxi companies hope they’ll eventually get the CBM rights initially held by PetroChina and China United Coalbed Methane. “Joint development is not yet a dead end,” noted one analyst.

By Caixin Online staff reporters Yu Ning, Wang Ziwu, Zhang Boling and Wang Duan

www.marketwatch.com

Gold investment demand to remain strong this year - WGC

2011-12-29T00:49:00.000-08:00

Western investment demand for gold will remain "well underpinned" this year, regardless of the health of the economy, the World Gold Council said in a report published on Wednesday.

The upbeat forecast came despite news that gold demand sank by 11 per cent last year in tonnage terms, owing to weaker industrial and jewellery demand, according to the WGC.

"Regardless of whether the economic recovery gathers momentum or stumbles in 2010, we believe that western investment demand will remain well underpinned," the WGC said.

"If the global economy falters, then western investors will continue to look towards gold for its diversification and portfolio-insurance properties.

"Conversely, if the economic recovery becomes more firmly entrenched, then inflation concerns are likely to continue to gain prominence."

Investors tend to flock to gold in times of economic uncertainty owing to its status as a safe-haven investment. The precious metal is also regarded as a safe store of value in times of higher inflation.

The London-based WGC cautioned on Wednesday that the outlook for non-western demand was dependent on the level of gold prices.

Gold had smashed a series of records last year on the back of the weak dollar, inflationary fears and moves by central banks to diversify away from the greenback.

The glamorous precious metal had hit a record pinnacle of $US1226.56 an ounce on December 3, 2009, but has since dropped, trading close to $US1115 dollars this week.

Industrial and jewellery demand for gold was forecast to increase gradually in areas where economic conditions were improving, according to the WGC.

"Western jewellery markets are likely to be constrained by high levels of unemployment, while in non-western markets, the limiting factor is budget constraints as incomes have not kept up with the rise in the gold price.

"Nevertheless, any significant dips in the gold price are expected to be well supported," it said.

The WGC added Wednesday that the volume of total identifiable gold demand fell 11 per cent in 2009 from the previous year to stand at 3385.8 tonnes.

AFP

www.brisbanetimes.com.au

Gold investment continues to be attractive

2011-12-29T00:23:00.000-08:00

NEW DELHI: Fears of future inflation and ongoing financial uncertainty led investors to continue to flock to gold in the first three months of 2009.

Total demand for gold in the first quarter of 2009 went up by 38 per cent (year-on-year) to 1,016 tonnes, a 36 per cent rise in value terms to $29.7 billion.

However, in India, traditionally the world’s largest gold market, demand declined significantly under pressure from record rupee prices and a major deterioration in the domestic economy. Demand fell 83 per cent.

According to figures published by World Gold Council (WGC), investment demand for gold, which includes exchange traded funds (ETFs), bars and coins, was the major source of growth in the quarter, reaching 596 tonnes, up 248 per cent.

A record level of investment was witnessed in ETFs.

Similarly, net retail investment (total bar and coin demand) remained highly robust. Germany was the single biggest bar and coin market in the first three months of the year, while Switzerland came second followed by the U.S.

However, the impact of recession on consumer discretionary spending continued to take its toll on both jewellery and industrial demand. Gold jewellery demand was down 24 per cent from the earlier year levels, with most countries suffering a decline as consumers responded to the high and volatile gold price, which reached record levels in some countries.

According to World Gold Council CEO Aram Shishmanian, “There has been a seismic shift away from capital appreciation towards wealth preservation and we believe this trend will define the investment behaviour in the next decade. Gold, as one of the few assets that has held its value during the current economic crisis, has been sought after by investors who are drawn to its proven protective attributes as well as safeguarding themselves from the erosive effects of future inflation”.

www.hindu.com

Chavez to Take on ‘Mafia’ With Venezuelan Gold Investment

2011-12-29T00:19:00.000-08:00

By Daniel Cancel and Nathan Crooks

(Adds comment from President Hugo Chavez in third paragraph, arbitration cases in fourth paragraph.)

May 5 (Bloomberg) -- Venezuela will seek investment in the country’s gold industry to boost production of the metal as illegal miners account for almost half the country’s output.

Venezuela is producing “only” 11 metric tons of gold a year and alleged illegal miners extract another 10 to 11 tons a year, President Hugo Chavez said. The government will label the metal “strategic” and set geographical limits for its production in the country, he said.

“The gold mafia is taking it, and the state has to act,” Chavez said today on state television. “We have to look for investors to increase production with a new vision. We can’t just depend on one company.”

Venezuela is facing international arbitration over nationalized gold assets from two companies including Crystallex International Corp., a Canadian gold producer. The Toronto-based company’s stock plunged as much as 43 percent on Feb. 7 when it received a letter saying the Venezuelan government had terminated its Las Cristinas gold contract.

Vancouver-based Rusoro Mining Ltd. expects to quadruple its output of gold in Venezuela by 2013 after the government in August relaxed export limits to 50 percent from 30 percent.

Gold for immediate delivery extended declines today, falling 2.9 percent to $1,473.10 an ounce at 4:50 p.m. New York time.

--Editors: Robin Saponar, Jessica Brice

To contact the reporter on this story: Daniel Cancel in Caracas at dcancel@bloomberg.net; Nathan Crooks in Santiago at ncrooks@bloomberg.net;

To contact the editor responsible for this story: Dale Crofts at dcrofts@bloomberg.net

www.businessweek.com

Greater interest in gold investment options as gold prices hit record highs

2011-12-29T00:17:00.000-08:00

SINGAPORE: As international gold prices hit record highs, some banks said there is greater appetite from local investors purchasing gold investment products.

Analysts predict gold prices could go as high as US$2,500 an ounce, compared to US$1,400 at the beginning of the year.

According to United Overseas Bank (UOB), more people are enquiring about and purchasing gold investment products, such as gold bars and coins. The bank has seen a 20 per cent increase in gold coin purchases compared to earlier this year.

Citybank said interest in gold investment accounts and gold-related funds has also doubled since last year.

According to the World Gold Council, the Asian appetite for gold is strong.

Analysts said demand for gold was fairly weak in the 1990s, but it has become an increasingly popular investment option in the last few years.

The sustained interest in gold as an investment option has also led to its prices being more sensitive to market movements.

Vasu Menon, Head of Content & Research with OCBC Wealth Management, said: "In the short term, its hard to make predictions where gold is headed. Gold is a very volatile asset class. Investors who want to buy gold must remember that number one, they must have the appetite for risk."

-CNA/ac

www.channelnewsasia.com

Insurance

2011-12-28T06:46:00.000-08:00

In law and economics, insurance is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent, uncertain loss. Insurance is defined as the equitable transfer of the risk of a loss, from one entity to another, in exchange for payment. An insurer is a company selling the insurance; an insured, or policyholder, is the person or entity buying the insurance policy. The insurance rate is a factor used to determine the amount to be charged for a certain amount of insurance coverage, called the premium. Risk management, the practice of appraising and controlling risk, has evolved as a discrete field of study and practice.

The transaction involves the insured assuming a guaranteed and known relatively small loss in the form of payment to the insurer in exchange for the insurer's promise to compensate (indemnify) the insured in the case of a financial (personal) loss. The insured receives a contract, called the insurance policy, which details the conditions and circumstances under which the insured will be financially compensated.

Principles

Insurance involves pooling funds from many insured entities (known as exposures) to pay for the losses that some may incur. The insured entities are therefore protected from risk for a fee, with the fee being dependent upon the frequency and severity of the event occurring. In order to be insurable, the risk insured against must meet certain characteristics in order to be an insurable risk. Insurance is a commercial enterprise and a major part of the financial services industry, but individual entities can also self-insure through saving money for possible future losses.

Here are the types of insurance that should or must you have.

1.Disability Insurance
2.Life Insurance
3.Health Insurance
4.Home Insurance
5.Vehicle Insurance

Protecting your most valuable asset is an important step in making a solid personal financial plan. The right insurance policy will assist you in maintaining the productive power and possessions. In this article, we will show five types of insurance you should have.

1. Disability InsuranceThe prospect of long-term disability is very scary that some people just choose to ignore it. While we all hope that, "nothing will happen to me," relying on the hope to be able to protect your future earnings power is not a good enough idea. Instead, choose disability insurance that provides adequate protection allows you to continue your current lifestyle even if you can no longer continue working.

2. Life insuranceLife insurance protects those who are financially dependent on you. If you are a parent, spouse, child or other loved ones will face financial hardship if you die, life insurance should be the highest in the list of the required insurance policy. Think about how much you earn each year (and the number of years you plan to stay active work) and buy insurance policies that will replace those revenues even in the case if death come more quickly for any reason. Calculate the cost of the funeral, because of unexpected costs also become a burden for many families.

3. Health InsuranceSkyrocketing cost of medical care is reason enough to make health insurance as a necessity. Even regular visits to family physicians can generate sizable bill. Illness or injury is more serious cause of hospitalization in the hospital can generate a much larger bill than berlibut one week at a luxury resort. Illness that requires surgery can quickly add to your hospital bill digits. Despite the ever-increasing cost of health insurance is a financial burden for almost everyone, the potential cost of not having health policy can be much higher.

4. Home InsuranceChanging your home is an expensive proposition. Having the right home insurance can make the process a little easier. When buying a home insurance policy, look for a policy that includes replacement of the structure and contents of the house in addition to the cost of living elsewhere while your home is being repaired.

Keep in mind that the cost of rebuilding do not need to include the cost of land, because you already have it. Depending on the age of your home and existing facilities therein, the cost to replace it can be more or less than the price you paid. To obtain an accurate estimate, find out how much it cost bangung from local developers per square meter and multiply that number with an area of your home that need to be protected policyholders. Do not forget to calculate the cost of upgrades and special features. Also, make sure the policy provides adequate reimbursement for the costs of injuries that occur on your property.

5. Vehicle InsuranceVehicle insurance is not something that looks compulsory but accidents can happen anywhere and anytime. By having insurance means that you're protecting the valuable assets you have, not just the car you're protecting, but also the safety of you and other road users. Keep in mind that traffic accidents does not necessarily involve only your vehicle, and often there are several parties involved and you could be sued for negligent (if an accident caused by you) according to law. This course will spend a lot of costs, and if you already have vehicle insurance, at least one load you have less risk.

* Addendum: For business ownersIn addition to the above types of insurance, current business owners have been necessary to insure its business. This insurance coverage will be felt if the business you have to go through dark times even when it toward bankruptcy. The economic recession could strike anytime, and business insurance policies can save you as well as workers involved.

Choose With CarefulInsurance policies come in many shapes and sizes and menampilakn many of the features, benefits and different prices. Choose carefully, reading the clause under the policy and ask the salesperson to make sure that you have understood and cost of protection offered. Make sure you buy a policy that adequately meet your needs, and do not sign the policy until you are satisfied with the offerings provided.

Technical Analysis

2011-12-27T23:22:00.000-08:00

Technical analysis is one technique commonly used by the players share (read: investor shares/stock) and forex in seeing whether the movement of the stock or forex will rise or fall. Because of the way is quite effective (in addition to the fundamental way), then I try to get the definition from wikipedia.

"In finance, technical analysis is security analysis discipline for forecasting the direction of prices through the study of past market data, primarily price and volume. Behavioral economics and quantitative analysis incorporate technical analysis, which being an aspect of active management stands in contradiction to much of modern portfolio theory. The efficacy of both technical and fundamental analysis is disputed by efficient-market hypothesis which states that stock market prices are essentially unpredictable."

There are several sites that also reviews about this technical analysis. From some websites that I read, there is one which I think is quite nice and pleasant to read and of course easy to understand. One of them is the site Investopedia. This site has been made in delivering the lesson content for each material to be taught :

Jenis Investasi - Types of Investments

2011-12-08T00:00:00.000-08:00

Setelah kita mengetahui arti, maksud dan tujuan investasi, sekarang kita akan belajar lebih lanjut tentang investasi. sebagai investor (sebutan bagi si pelaku investasi) akan selalu berfikir dan berhitung, untuk memilih jenis investasi apa yang paling cocok untuknya yang tentunya dihubungkan dengan kemampuan finansialnya dan tingkat pengembalian yang akan diterima nya (ingat investasi itu memiliki biaya dan resiko).

Mungkin sebelum lebih lanjut kita memasuki materi bagaimana mencapai pengembalian yang tinggi, ada baiknya kita mengenal jenis-jenis investasi dan tentunya harus dibandingkan untung dan ruginya jika kita memilih salah satu jenis tersebut.

Menurut informasi yang saya dapat dari website http://kumpulan.info (yang menurut saya cukup bagus untuk diambil ilmunya).

Secara umum, aset yang dapat menjadi saran investasi terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu aset riil dan aset finansial. Aset riil adalah aset yang dimiliki dan memiliki wujud yang kita simpan atau miliki. Contohnya aset riil adalah rumah, tanah dan emas. Sedangkan, aset finansial tidak berwujud, biasanya hanya berupa kertas yang merupakan bukti kepemilikan kita. Contoh investasi antara lain tabungan, deposito, reksadana, obligasi, saham, emas, properti, dan lainnya. Sekarang, mari kita lihat apa saja keuntungan dan kerugian dari masing-masing jenis investasi tersebut.

Jenis Investasi	Keuntungan dan Kerugian Investasi
Tabungan Menyimpan uang di bank untuk dipergunakan kemudian jika diperlukan.
	Keuntungan Tabungan Dapat diambil kapan saja dan tidak memiliki risiko.	Kerugian Tabungan Uang dapat dengan mudah berkurang, karena dapat diambil kapan saja dengan mudah serta bunga yang kecil.
Deposito Menyimpan uang untuk periode tertentu, bila belum jatuh tempo uang tidak dapat diambil atau akan mendapat penalti bila diambil sebelum waktunya.
	Keuntungan Deposito Risiko sangat rendah. Bunga yang dapat diterima lebih besar dibandingkan tabungan biasa.	Kerugian Deposito Keuntungan atau bunga yang diterima lebih sedikit bila dibandingkan dengan jenis investasi lain yang berhadapan langsung dengan risiko pasar.
Reksadana Adalah tempat menghimpun dana secara kolektif. Dana yang terkumpul akan dikelola oleh Manajer Investasi yang akan diinvestasikan pada jenis investasi lainnya. Bila mendapat keuntungan atau kerugian akan dibagi secara rata untuk para investor. Ini dapat menjadi pilihan bagi Anda yang baru memulai untuk berinvestasi. Jenis risikonya berbeda, tergantung jenis risiko yang dipilih. Jenisnya adalah reksadana pasar uang, reksadana pendapatan tetap, reksadana saham, dan reksadana campuran.
	Keuntungan Reksadana Tidak perlu memiliki banyak pengetahuan, karena dikelola oleh Manajer Investasi. Karena diinvestasikan ke banyak tempat, maka bila terjadi kerugian di satu tempat bisa tertolong tempat lain yang mungkin menghasilkan keuntungan.	Kerugian Reksadana Bagi sebagian orang, karena tidak dikelola sendiri sering tidak puas dengan hasilnya. Keuntungan lebih sedikit dibandingkan saham dan ada biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk pengelolanya.
Obligasi Obligasi adalah surat hutang, merupakan bukti bahwa kita memberikan hutang kepada perusahaan tertentu atau pemerintah. Pihak yang berhutang akan memberi bunga untuk jangka waktu tertentu. Jangka waktu pengembalian hutang lebih dari satu tahun. Obligasi yang paling aman adalah obligasi atau surat utang dari negara.
	Keuntungan Obligasi Bunga lebih besar dibandingkan deposito.	Kerugian Obligasi Jangka waktu panjang (> 1 tahun), sehingga tidak dapat dicairkan bila diperlukan atau bila ingin berinvestasi lain. Bila pihak yang berhutang bangkrut, berarti tidak dapat mengembalikan hutangnya.
Saham Memiliki saham berarti Anda memiliki kepemilikan dalam suatu perusahaan. Uang yang kita tanamkan dijadikan sebagai modal untuk perusahaan tersebut. Perusahaan akan memberikan keuntungan yang diterima kepada para pemegang saham yang disebut sebagai deviden. Bila dinilai baik atau banyak orang yang berminat untuk membeli saham suatu perusahaan, harganya akan naik, sehingga bila Anda menjual sahamnya akan memperoleh keuntungan. Sebaliknya, bila perusahaan menderita kerugian, harga sahamnya dapat turun sehingga Anda dapat menderita kerugian. Saham ini dapat dibeli pada perusahaan sekuritas. Untuk tiap transaksi jual atau beli, Anda akan dikenakan biaya.
	Keuntungan Saham Dapat mendatangkan keuntungan yang sangat besar bila harga saham naik. Dengan modal sedikit, dapat diperoleh hasil berkali-kali lipat.	Kerugian Saham Risiko kehilangan besar pula, saat harga saham turun.
Emas Harga emas cenderung naik setiap tahun, itulah sebabnya banyak orang yang membeli emas kemudian menjualnya saat harganya naik. Bila hendak digunakan untuk investasi, emas yang dibeli hendaknya berupa logam mulia batangan atau koin daripada emas dalam bentuk perhiasan. Emas batangan atau koin tidak mengalami penyusutan atau ongkos pembuatan yang biasa dikenakan apabila kita menjual dalam bentuk perhiasan.
	Keuntungan Emas Merupakan aset likuid atau aset yang mudah dijual.	Kerugian Emas Sulit dalam penyimpanan karena bila tidak hati-hati dapat dengan mudah dicuri.
Properti Sama seperti emas, harga properti yaitu rumah dan tanah cenderung akan naik. Dengan membeli properti, dan menjualnya di kemudian hari akan mendatangkan keuntungan karena harga jualnya sudah naik. Harga rumah akan cepat naik bila lokasinya strategis atau dekat dengan fasilitas umum, ini dapat menjadi pertimbangan saat akan memilih lokasi. Bila akan membeli rumah di perumahan yang belum atau masih dibangun, pastikan pengembang dapat dipercaya dan adanya perjanjian yang jelas, karena ada beberapa kasus, setelah kita membayar, pembangunan rumah tidak dilanjutkan yang mengakibatkan kerugian.
	Keuntungan Properti Risiko kecil serta dapat disewakan sehingga dapat memberi penghasilan tambahan.	Kerugian Properti Perlu dana yang besar untuk membeli rumah atau tanah. Properti bukan aset yang likuid karena tidak mudah untuk menjualnya bila suatu saat membutuhkan uang.

Once we know the meaning, intent and purpose investments, now we will learn more about investing. as an investor (the name for the perpetrator of investment) will always be thinking and counting, to select the type of investments are most suitable for him is certainly connected with the financial capabilities and rates of return to be received it (remember that investment has a cost and risk).

Perhaps before we enter the material further how to achieve high returns, it helps us to know the types of investments and of course must be compared to the pros and cons if we chose one of these types.

According to the information I can from http://kumpulan.info website (which I think are good enough to take his knowledge).

In general, assets that can be divided into two investment advice, ie real assets and financial assets. Real assets are assets that are owned and has a form that we keep or possess. An example is the home of real assets, land and gold. Meanwhile, intangible financial assets, usually just a paper that is proof of our ownership. Examples of investments include savings, deposits, mutual funds, bonds, stocks, gold, property, and others. Now, let's see what are the advantages and disadvantages of each type of investment.

Type of InvestmentAdvantages and Disadvantages of Investing

1. Savings
Saving money in the bank for use later if needed.

Advantages SavingsCan be taken at any time and no risk.
Losses SavingsMoney can be easily reduced, as it can be taken at any time with ease and little interest.

2. Deposit
Saving money for a certain period, if not yet due money can not be taken or will get a penalty if taken before his time.

Advantages of DepositThe risk is very low. Flowers that can be accepted more than ordinary savings.Loss of DepositProfits or interest received much less when compared with other types of investments that are dealing directly with market risk.

3. Mutual Funds
Is the place to collectively raise funds. The money raised will be managed by the Investment Manager to be invested in other investment types. If a profit or loss will be divided equally to the investors. This may be an option for those who are just starting to invest. Different types of risk, depending on the selected type of risk. Kind is a money market mutual funds, fixed income mutual funds, stock mutual funds, and mutual funds mix.

Advantages of Mutual FundsNo need to have a lot of knowledge, because it is managed by the Investment Manager. Because invested a lot of places, so if there is a loss in one place might be helped anywhere else that might make a profit.

Mutual Fund LossesFor some people, because it does not run itself is often not satisfied with the results. Fewer gains than stocks and there are costs incurred for the managers.

4. Bond
Bonds are debt instruments, is proof that we give loans to certain companies or government. Parties who owe will provide interest for a specified period. Debt repayment period of more than one year. The safest bonds are bonds or debentures of the country.

Advantages BondsInterest is greater than the deposit.Bond LossesLong term (> 1 year), so can not be liquidated if necessary or if you want to invest another. If the bankrupt debtor, debts mean it can not restore.

5. Stock
Having a stock means that you have ownership in a company. The money that we plant used as capital for the company. The Company will provide an acceptable profit to the shareholders is called dividend. When judged good or a lot of people who are interested to buy shares in a company, the price will go up, so when you sell the shares will benefit. Conversely, if the company suffers losses, its stock price can go down so that you can suffer losses. This stock can be purchased at the company's securities. For each purchase or sale transaction, you will be charged.

6. Dividend
Can bring huge profits when stock prices rise. With little capital, can be obtained the results many times over.

Stock LossesGreat risk of losing all, when stock prices go down.

7. Gold
Gold prices tend to rise every year, which is why many people who buy gold then sell when the price goes up. If you want to use for investment, gold should be bought precious metal bullion or coins rather than gold in the form of jewelry. Gold bullion or coins do not have depreciation or the cost of manufacture is usually imposed when we sell in the form of jewelry.

Advantages of GoldLiquid assets or assets are an easy sell.
Gold LossesDifficult in storage because if not careful can asily be stolen.

8. Property
Just like gold, the price of the house and land property will tend to rise. By purchasing the property, and sell it at a later date will be profitable because the selling price has gone up. House prices will quickly rise if the location is strategically or close to public facilities, this may be a consideration when choosing a location. When going to buy a house on the estate that have not or still under construction, ensure that developers can be trusted and there is a clear agreement, because there are some cases, after we pay, housing construction was not continued which resulted in losses.
Property profitsLittle risk and can be rented so that it can provide additional income.

Property LossesNeed substantial funds to buy a house or land. Property is not a liquid asset because it is not easy to sell when times need the money.

Technical Analysis: Conclusion

2011-12-07T00:06:00.001-08:00

Source: http://www.investopedia.com/

Here's a brief summary of what we've covered:

Technical analysis is a method of evaluating securities by analyzing the statistics generated by market activity. It is based on three assumptions: 1) the market discounts everything, 2) price moves in trends and 3) history tends to repeat itself.
Technicians believe that all the information they need about a stock can be found in its charts.
Technical traders take a short-term approach to analyzing the market.
Criticism of technical analysis stems from the efficient market hypothesis, which states that the market price is always the correct one, making any historical analysis useless.
One of the most important concepts in technical analysis is that of a trend, which is the general direction that a security is headed. There are three types of trends: uptrends, downtrends and sideways/horizontal trends.
A trendline is a simple charting technique that adds a line to a chart to represent the trend in the market or a stock.
A channel, or channel lines, is the addition of two parallel trendlines that act as strong areas of support and resistance.
Support is the price level through which a stock or market seldom falls. Resistance is the price level that a stock or market seldom surpasses.
Volume is the number of shares or contracts that trade over a given period of time, usually a day. The higher the volume, the more active the security.
A chart is a graphical representation of a series of prices over a set time frame.
The time scale refers to the range of dates at the bottom of the chart, which can vary from decades to seconds. The most frequently used time scales are intraday, daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly and annually.
The price scale is on the right-hand side of the chart. It shows a stock's current price and compares it to past data points. It can be either linear or logarithmic.
There are four main types of charts used by investors and traders: line charts, bar charts, candlestick charts and point and figure charts.
A chart pattern is a distinct formation on a stock chart that creates a trading signal, or a sign of future price movements. There are two types: reversal and continuation.
A head and shoulders pattern is reversal pattern that signals a security is likely to move against its previous trend.
A cup and handle pattern is a bullish continuation pattern in which the upward trend has paused but will continue in an upward direction once the pattern is confirmed.
Double tops and double bottoms are formed after a sustained trend and signal to chartists that the trend is about to reverse. The pattern is created when a price movement tests support or resistance levels twice and is unable to break through.
A triangle is a technical analysis pattern created by drawing trendlines along a price range that gets narrower over time because of lower tops and higher bottoms. Variations of a triangle include ascending and descending triangles.
Flags and pennants are short-term continuation patterns that are formed when there is a sharp price movement followed by a sideways price movement.
The wedge chart pattern can be either a continuation or reversal pattern. It is similar to a symmetrical triangle except that the wedge pattern slants in an upward or downward direction.
A gap in a chart is an empty space between a trading period and the following trading period. This occurs when there is a large difference in prices between two sequential trading periods.
Triple tops and triple bottoms are reversal patterns that are formed when the price movement tests a level of support or resistance three times and is unable to break through, signaling a trend reversal.
A rounding bottom (or saucer bottom) is a long-term reversal pattern that signals a shift from a downward trend to an upward trend.
A moving average is the average price of a security over a set amount of time. There are three types: simple, linear and exponential.
Moving averages help technical traders smooth out some of the noise that is found in day-to-day price movements, giving traders a clearer view of the price trend.
Indicators are calculations based on the price and the volume of a security that measure such things as money flow, trends, volatility and momentum. There are two types: leading and lagging.
The accumulation/distribution line is a volume indicator that attempts to measure the ratio of buying to selling of a security.
The average directional index (ADX) is a trend indicator that is used to measure the strength of a current trend.
The Aroon indicator is a trending indicator used to measure whether a security is in an uptrend or downtrend and the magnitude of that trend.
The Aroon oscillator plots the difference between the Aroon up and down lines by subtracting the two lines.
The moving average convergence divergence (MACD) is comprised of two exponential moving averages, which help to measure a security's momentum.
The relative strength index (RSI) helps to signal overbought and oversold conditions in a security.
The on-balance volume (OBV) indicator is one of the most well-known technical indicators that reflects movements in volume.
The stochastic oscillator compares a security's closing price to its price range over a given time period.

Source: http://www.investopedia.com/

Technical Analysis: Indicators And Oscillators

2011-12-07T00:03:00.001-08:00

Source: http://www.investopedia.com/

There are two main types of indicators: leading and lagging. A leading indicator precedes price movements, giving them a predictive quality, while a lagging indicator is a confirmation tool because it follows price movement. A leading indicator is thought to be the strongest during periods of sideways or non-trending trading ranges, while the lagging indicators are still useful during trending periods.

There are also two types of indicator constructions: those that fall in a bounded range and those that do not. The ones that are bound within a range are called oscillators - these are the most common type of indicators. Oscillator indicators have a range, for example between zero and 100, and signal periods where the security is overbought (near 100) or oversold (near zero). Non-bounded indicators still form buy and sell signals along with displaying strength or weakness, but they vary in the way they do this.

The two main ways that indicators are used to form buy and sell signals in technical analysis is through crossovers and divergence. Crossovers are the most popular and are reflected when either the price moves through the moving average, or when two different moving averages cross over each other.The second way indicators are used is through divergence, which happens when the direction of the price trend and the direction of the indicator trend are moving in the opposite direction. This signals to indicator users that the direction of the price trend is weakening.

Indicators that are used in technical analysis provide an extremely useful source of additional information. These indicators help identify momentum, trends, volatility and various other aspects in a security to aid in the technical analysis of trends. It is important to note that while some traders use a single indicator solely for buy and sell signals, they are best used in conjunction with price movement, chart patterns and other indicators.

Accumulation/Distribution Line
The accumulation/distribution line is one of the more popular volume indicators that measures money flows in a security. This indicator attempts to measure the ratio of buying to selling by comparing the price movement of a period to the volume of that period.

Calculated:

Acc/Dist = ((Close - Low) - (High - Close)) / (High - Low) * Period's Volume

This is a non-bounded indicator that simply keeps a running sum over the period of the security. Traders look for trends in this indicator to gain insight on the amount of purchasing compared to selling of a security. If a security has an accumulation/distribution line that is trending upward, it is a sign that there is more buying than selling.

Average Directional Index
The average directional index (ADX) is a trend indicator that is used to measure the strength of a current trend. The indicator is seldom used to identify the direction of the current trend, but can identify the momentum behind trends.

The ADX is a combination of two price movement measures: the positive directional indicator (+DI) and the negative directional indicator (-DI). The ADX measures the strength of a trend but not the direction. The +DI measures the strength of the upward trend while the -DI measures the strength of the downward trend. These two measures are also plotted along with the ADX line. Measured on a scale between zero and 100, readings below 20 signal a weak trend while readings above 40 signal a strong trend.

Aroon
The Aroon indicator is a relatively new technical indicator that was created in 1995. The Aroon is a trending indicator used to measure whether a security is in an uptrend or downtrend and the magnitude of that trend. The indicator is also used to predict when a new trend is beginning.

The indicator is comprised of two lines, an "Aroon up" line (blue line) and an "Aroon down" line (red dotted line). The Aroon up line measures the amount of time it has been since the highest price during the time period. The Aroon down line, on the other hand, measures the amount of time since the lowest price during the time period. The number of periods that are used in the calculation is dependent on the time frame that the user wants to analyze.

Figure 1

Aroon Oscillator
An expansion of the Aroon is the Aroon oscillator, which simply plots the difference between the Aroon up and down lines by subtracting the two lines. This line is then plotted between a range of -100 and 100. The centerline at zero in the oscillator is considered to be a major signal line determining the trend. The higher the value of the oscillator from the centerline point, the more upward strength there is in the security; the lower the oscillator's value is from the centerline, the more downward pressure. A trend reversal is signaled when the oscillator crosses through the centerline. For example, when the oscillator goes from positive to negative, a downward trend is confirmed. Divergence is also used in the oscillator to predict trend reversals. A reversal warning is formed when the oscillator and the price trend are moving in an opposite direction.

The Aroon lines and Aroon oscillators are fairly simple concepts to understand but yield powerful information about trends. This is another great indicator to add to any technical trader's arsenal.

Moving Average Convergence
The moving average convergence divergence (MACD) is one of the most well known and used indicators in technical analysis. This indicator is comprised of two exponential moving averages, which help to measure momentum in the security. The MACD is simply the difference between these two moving averages plotted against a centerline. The centerline is the point at which the two moving averages are equal. Along with the MACD and the centerline, an exponential moving average of the MACD itself is plotted on the chart. The idea behind this momentum indicator is to measure short-term momentum compared to longer term momentum to help signal the current direction of momentum.

MACD= shorter term moving average - longer term moving average

When the MACD is positive, it signals that the shorter term moving average is above the longer term moving average and suggests upward momentum. The opposite holds true when the MACD is negative - this signals that the shorter term is below the longer and suggest downward momentum. When the MACD line crosses over the centerline, it signals a crossing in the moving averages. The most common moving average values used in the calculation are the 26-day and 12-day exponential moving averages. The signal line is commonly created by using a nine-day exponential moving average of the MACD values. These values can be adjusted to meet the needs of the technician and the security. For more volatile securities, shorter term averages are used while less volatile securities should have longer averages.

Another aspect to the MACD indicator that is often found on charts is the MACD histogram. The histogram is plotted on the centerline and represented by bars. Each bar is the difference between the MACD and the signal line or, in most cases, the nine-day exponential moving average. The higher the bars are in either direction, the more momentum behind the direction in which the bars point. (For more on this, see Moving Average Convergence Divergence - Part 1 and Part 2, and Trading The MACD Divergence.)

As you can see in Figure 2, one of the most common buy signals is generated when the MACD crosses above the signal line (blue dotted line), while sell signals often occur when the MACD crosses below the signal.

Figure 2

Relative Strength Index The relative strength index (RSI) is another one of the most used and well-known momentum indicators in technical analysis. RSI helps to signal overbought and oversold conditions in a security. The indicator is plotted in a range between zero and 100. A reading above 70 is used to suggest that a security is overbought, while a reading below 30 is used to suggest that it is oversold. This indicator helps traders to identify whether a security’s price has been unreasonably pushed to current levels and whether a reversal may be on the way.

Figure 3

The standard calculation for RSI uses 14 trading days as the basis, which can be adjusted to meet the needs of the user. If the trading period is adjusted to use fewer days, the RSI will be more volatile and will be used for shorter term trades. (To read more, see Momentum And The Relative Strength Index, Relative Strength Index And Its Failure-Swing Points and Getting To Know Oscillators - Part 1 and Part 2.)

On-Balance Volume The on-balance volume (OBV) indicator is a well-known technical indicator that reflect movements in volume. It is also one of the simplest volume indicators to compute and understand.

The OBV is calculated by taking the total volume for the trading period and assigning it a positive or negative value depending on whether the price is up or down during the trading period. When price is up during the trading period, the volume is assigned a positive value, while a negative value is assigned when the price is down for the period. The positive or negative volume total for the period is then added to a total that is accumulated from the start of the measure.

It is important to focus on the trend in the OBV - this is more important than the actual value of the OBV measure. This measure expands on the basic volume measure by combining volume and price movement. (For more insight, see Introduction To On-Balance Volume.)

Stochastic Oscillator
The stochastic oscillator is one of the most recognized momentum indicators used in technical analysis. The idea behind this indicator is that in an uptrend, the price should be closing near the highs of the trading range, signaling upward momentum in the security. In downtrends, the price should be closing near the lows of the trading range, signaling downward momentum.

The stochastic oscillator is plotted within a range of zero and 100 and signals overbought conditions above 80 and oversold conditions below 20. The stochastic oscillator contains two lines. The first line is the %K, which is essentially the raw measure used to formulate the idea of momentum behind the oscillator. The second line is the %D, which is simply a moving average of the %K. The %D line is considered to be the more important of the two lines as it is seen to produce better signals. The stochastic oscillator generally uses the past 14 trading periods in its calculation but can be adjusted to meet the needs of the user. (To read more, check out Getting To Know Oscillators - Part 3.)

Source: http://www.investopedia.com/

Technical Analysis: Moving Averages

2011-12-07T00:00:00.001-08:00

Source: http://www.investopedia.com/

Types of Moving Averages There are a number of different types of moving averages that vary in the way they are calculated, but how each average is interpreted remains the same. The calculations only differ in regards to the weighting that they place on the price data, shifting from equal weighting of each price point to more weight being placed on recent data. The three most common types of moving averages are simple, linear and exponential.

Simple Moving Average (SMA) This is the most common method used to calculate the moving average of prices. It simply takes the sum of all of the past closing prices over the time period and divides the result by the number of prices used in the calculation. For example, in a 10-day moving average, the last 10 closing prices are added together and then divided by 10. As you can see in Figure 1, a trader is able to make the average less responsive to changing prices by increasing the number of periods used in the calculation. Increasing the number of time periods in the calculation is one of the best ways to gauge the strength of the long-term trend and the likelihood that it will reverse.

Figure 1

Many individuals argue that the usefulness of this type of average is limited because each point in the data series has the same impact on the result regardless of where it occurs in the sequence. The critics argue that the most recent data is more important and, therefore, it should also have a higher weighting. This type of criticism has been one of the main factors leading to the invention of other forms of moving averages.

Linear Weighted Average This moving average indicator is the least common out of the three and is used to address the problem of the equal weighting. The linear weighted moving average is calculated by taking the sum of all the closing prices over a certain time period and multiplying them by the position of the data point and then dividing by the sum of the number of periods. For example, in a five-day linear weighted average, today's closing price is multiplied by five, yesterday's by four and so on until the first day in the period range is reached. These numbers are then added together and divided by the sum of the multipliers.

Exponential Moving Average (EMA) This moving average calculation uses a smoothing factor to place a higher weight on recent data points and is regarded as much more efficient than the linear weighted average. Having an understanding of the calculation is not generally required for most traders because most charting packages do the calculation for you. The most important thing to remember about the exponential moving average is that it is more responsive to new information relative to the simple moving average. This responsiveness is one of the key factors of why this is the moving average of choice among many technical traders. As you can see in Figure 2, a 15-period EMA rises and falls faster than a 15-period SMA. This slight difference doesn’t seem like much, but it is an important factor to be aware of since it can affect returns.

Figure 2

Major Uses of Moving Averages Moving averages are used to identify current trends and trend reversals as well as to set up support and resistance levels.

Moving averages can be used to quickly identify whether a security is moving in an uptrend or a downtrend depending on the direction of the moving average. As you can see in Figure 3, when a moving average is heading upward and the price is above it, the security is in an uptrend. Conversely, a downward sloping moving average with the price below can be used to signal a downtrend.

Figure 3

Another method of determining momentum is to look at the order of a pair of moving averages. When a short-term average is above a longer-term average, the trend is up. On the other hand, a long-term average above a shorter-term average signals a downward movement in the trend.

Moving average trend reversals are formed in two main ways: when the price moves through a moving average and when it moves through moving average crossovers. The first common signal is when the price moves through an important moving average. For example, when the price of a security that was in an uptrend falls below a 50-period moving average, like in Figure 4, it is a sign that the uptrend may be reversing.

Figure 4

The other signal of a trend reversal is when one moving average crosses through another. For example, as you can see in Figure 5, if the 15-day moving average crosses above the 50-day moving average, it is a positive sign that the price will start to increase.

Figure 5

If the periods used in the calculation are relatively short, for example 15 and 35, this could signal a short-term trend reversal. On the other hand, when two averages with relatively long time frames cross over (50 and 200, for example), this is used to suggest a long-term shift in trend.

Another major way moving averages are used is to identify support and resistance levels. It is not uncommon to see a stock that has been falling stop its decline and reverse direction once it hits the support of a major moving average. A move through a major moving average is often used as a signal by technical traders that the trend is reversing. For example, if the price breaks through the 200-day moving average in a downward direction, it is a signal that the uptrend is reversing.

Figure 6

Moving averages are a powerful tool for analyzing the trend in a security. They provide useful support and resistance points and are very easy to use. The most common time frames that are used when creating moving averages are the 200-day, 100-day, 50-day, 20-day and 10-day. The 200-day average is thought to be a good measure of a trading year, a 100-day average of a half a year, a 50-day average of a quarter of a year, a 20-day average of a month and 10-day average of two weeks.

Moving averages help technical traders smooth out some of the noise that is found in day-to-day price movements, giving traders a clearer view of the price trend. So far we have been focused on price movement, through charts and averages. In the next section, we'll look at some other techniques used to confirm price movement and patterns.

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Technical Analysis: Chart Patterns

2011-12-06T23:55:00.001-08:00

Source: http://www.investopedia.com

In the first section of this tutorial, we talked about the three assumptions of technical analysis, the third of which was that in technical analysis, history repeats itself. The theory behind chart patters is based on this assumption. The idea is that certain patterns are seen many times, and that these patterns signal a certain high probability move in a stock. Based on the historic trend of a chart pattern setting up a certain price movement, chartists look for these patterns to identify trading opportunities.

While there are general ideas and components to every chart pattern, there is no chart pattern that will tell you with 100% certainty where a security is headed. This creates some leeway and debate as to what a good pattern looks like, and is a major reason why charting is often seen as more of an art than a science. (For more insight, see Is finance an art or a science?)
There are two types of patterns within this area of technical analysis, reversal and continuation. A reversal pattern signals that a prior trend will reverse upon completion of the pattern. A continuation pattern, on the other hand, signals that a trend will continue once the pattern is complete. These patterns can be found over charts of any timeframe. In this section, we will review some of the more popular chart patterns. (To learn more, check out Continuation Patterns - Part 1, Part 2, Part 3 and Part 4.)

Head and Shoulders This is one of the most popular and reliable chart patterns in technical analysis. Head and shoulders is a reversal chart pattern that when formed, signals that the security is likely to move against the previous trend. As you can see in Figure 1, there are two versions of the head and shoulders chart pattern. Head and shoulders top (shown on the left) is a chart pattern that is formed at the high of an upward movement and signals that the upward trend is about to end. Head and shoulders bottom, also known as inverse head and shoulders (shown on the right) is the lesser known of the two, but is used to signal a reversal in a downtrend.

Figure 1: Head and shoulders top is shown on the left. Head and shoulders bottom, or inverse head and shoulders, is on the right.

Both of these head and shoulders patterns are similar in that there are four main parts: two shoulders, a head and a neckline. Also, each individual head and shoulder is comprised of a high and a low. For example, in the head and shoulders top image shown on the left side in Figure 1, the left shoulder is made up of a high followed by a low. In this pattern, the neckline is a level of support or resistance. Remember that an upward trend is a period of successive rising highs and rising lows. The head and shoulders chart pattern, therefore, illustrates a weakening in a trend by showing the deterioration in the successive movements of the highs and lows. (To learn more, see Price Patterns - Part 2.)

Cup and Handle
A cup and handle chart is a bullish continuation pattern in which the upward trend has paused but will continue in an upward direction once the pattern is confirmed.

Figure 2

As you can see in Figure 2, this price pattern forms what looks like a cup, which is preceded by an upward trend. The handle follows the cup formation and is formed by a generally downward/sideways movement in the security's price. Once the price movement pushes above the resistance lines formed in the handle, the upward trend can continue. There is a wide ranging time frame for this type of pattern, with the span ranging from several months to more than a year.

Double Tops and Bottoms
This chart pattern is another well-known pattern that signals a trend reversal - it is considered to be one of the most reliable and is commonly used. These patterns are formed after a sustained trend and signal to chartists that the trend is about to reverse. The pattern is created when a price movement tests support or resistance levels twice and is unable to break through. This pattern is often used to signal intermediate and long-term trend reversals.

Figure 3: A double top pattern is shown on the left, while a double bottom pattern is shown on the right.

In the case of the double top pattern in Figure 3, the price movement has twice tried to move above a certain price level. After two unsuccessful attempts at pushing the price higher, the trend reverses and the price heads lower. In the case of a double bottom (shown on the right), the price movement has tried to go lower twice, but has found support each time. After the second bounce off of the support, the security enters a new trend and heads upward. (For more in-depth reading, see The Memory Of Price and Price Patterns - Part 4.)

Triangles
Triangles are some of the most well-known chart patterns used in technical analysis. The three types of triangles, which vary in construct and implication, are the symmetrical triangle, ascending and descending triangle. These chart patterns are considered to last anywhere from a couple of weeks to several months.

Figure 4

The symmetrical triangle in Figure 4 is a pattern in which two trendlines converge toward each other. This pattern is neutral in that a breakout to the upside or downside is a confirmation of a trend in that direction. In an ascending triangle, the upper trendline is flat, while the bottom trendline is upward sloping. This is generally thought of as a bullish pattern in which chartists look for an upside breakout. In a descending triangle, the lower trendline is flat and the upper trendline is descending. This is generally seen as a bearish pattern where chartists look for a downside breakout.

Flag and Pennant
These two short-term chart patterns are continuation patterns that are formed when there is a sharp price movement followed by a generally sideways price movement. This pattern is then completed upon another sharp price movement in the same direction as the move that started the trend. The patterns are generally thought to last from one to three weeks.

Figure 5

As you can see in Figure 5, there is little difference between a pennant and a flag. The main difference between these price movements can be seen in the middle section of the chart pattern. In a pennant, the middle section is characterized by converging trendlines, much like what is seen in a symmetrical triangle. The middle section on the flag pattern, on the other hand, shows a channel pattern, with no convergence between the trendlines. In both cases, the trend is expected to continue when the price moves above the upper trendline.

Wedge
The wedge chart pattern can be either a continuation or reversal pattern. It is similar to a symmetrical triangle except that the wedge pattern slants in an upward or downward direction, while the symmetrical triangle generally shows a sideways movement. The other difference is that wedges tend to form over longer periods, usually between three and six months.

Figure 6

The fact that wedges are classified as both continuation and reversal patterns can make reading signals confusing. However, at the most basic level, a falling wedge is bullish and a rising wedge is bearish. In Figure 6, we have a falling wedge in which two trendlines are converging in a downward direction. If the price was to rise above the upper trendline, it would form a continuation pattern, while a move below the lower trendline would signal a reversal pattern.

Gaps
A gap in a chart is an empty space between a trading period and the following trading period. This occurs when there is a large difference in prices between two sequential trading periods. For example, if the trading range in one period is between $25 and $30 and the next trading period opens at $40, there will be a large gap on the chart between these two periods. Gap price movements can be found on bar charts and candlestick charts but will not be found on point and figure or basic line charts. Gaps generally show that something of significance has happened in the security, such as a better-than-expected earnings announcement.

There are three main types of gaps, breakaway, runaway (measuring) and exhaustion. A breakaway gap forms at the start of a trend, a runaway gap forms during the middle of a trend and an exhaustion gap forms near the end of a trend. (For more insight, read Playing The Gap.)

Triple Tops and Bottoms
Triple tops and triple bottoms are another type of reversal chart pattern in chart analysis. These are not as prevalent in charts as head and shoulders and double tops and bottoms, but they act in a similar fashion. These two chart patterns are formed when the price movement tests a level of support or resistance three times and is unable to break through; this signals a reversal of the prior trend.

Figure 7

Confusion can form with triple tops and bottoms during the formation of the pattern because they can look similar to other chart patterns. After the first two support/resistance tests are formed in the price movement, the pattern will look like a double top or bottom, which could lead a chartist to enter a reversal position too soon.

Rounding Bottom
A rounding bottom, also referred to as a saucer bottom, is a long-term reversal pattern that signals a shift from a downward trend to an upward trend. This pattern is traditionally thought to last anywhere from several months to several years.

Figure 8

A rounding bottom chart pattern looks similar to a cup and handle pattern but without the handle. The long-term nature of this pattern and the lack of a confirmation trigger, such as the handle in the cup and handle, makes it a difficult pattern to trade.

We have finished our look at some of the more popular chart patterns. You should now be able to recognize each chart pattern as well the signal it can form for chartists. We will now move on to other technical techniques and examine how they are used by technical traders to gauge price movements.
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Technical Analysis: Chart Types

2011-12-06T23:52:00.001-08:00

Source: http://www.investopedia.com

There are four main types of charts that are used by investors and traders depending on the information that they are seeking and their individual skill levels. The chart types are: the line chart, the bar chart, the candlestick chart and the point and figure chart. In the following sections, we will focus on the S&P 500 Index during the period of January 2006 through May 2006. Notice how the data used to create the charts is the same, but the way the data is plotted and shown in the charts is different.

Line Chart The most basic of the four charts is the line chart because it represents only the closing prices over a set period of time. The line is formed by connecting the closing prices over the time frame. Line charts do not provide visual information of the trading range for the individual points such as the high, low and opening prices. However, the closing price is often considered to be the most important price in stock data compared to the high and low for the day and this is why it is the only value used in line charts.

Figure 1: A line chart

Bar Charts

The bar chart expands on the line chart by adding several more key pieces of information to each data point. The chart is made up of a series of vertical lines that represent each data point. This vertical line represents the high and low for the trading period, along with the closing price. The close and open are represented on the vertical line by a horizontal dash. The opening price on a bar chart is illustrated by the dash that is located on the left side of the vertical bar. Conversely, the close is represented by the dash on the right. Generally, if the left dash (open) is lower than the right dash (close) then the bar will be shaded black, representing an up period for the stock, which means it has gained value. A bar that is colored red signals that the stock has gone down in value over that period. When this is the case, the dash on the right (close) is lower than the dash on the left (open).

Figure 2: A bar chart

Candlestick Charts The candlestick chart is similar to a bar chart, but it differs in the way that it is visually constructed. Similar to the bar chart, the candlestick also has a thin vertical line showing the period's trading range. The difference comes in the formation of a wide bar on the vertical line, which illustrates the difference between the open and close. And, like bar charts, candlesticks also rely heavily on the use of colors to explain what has happened during the trading period. A major problem with the candlestick color configuration, however, is that different sites use different standards; therefore, it is important to understand the candlestick configuration used at the chart site you are working with. There are two color constructs for days up and one for days that the price falls. When the price of the stock is up and closes above the opening trade, the candlestick will usually be white or clear. If the stock has traded down for the period, then the candlestick will usually be red or black, depending on the site. If the stock's price has closed above the previous day’s close but below the day's open, the candlestick will be black or filled with the color that is used to indicate an up day. (To read more, see The Art Of Candlestick Charting - Part 1, Part 2, Part 3 and Part 4.)

Figure 3: A candlestick chart

Point and Figure Charts The point and figure chart is not well known or used by the average investor but it has had a long history of use dating back to the first technical traders. This type of chart reflects price movements and is not as concerned about time and volume in the formulation of the points. The point and figure chart removes the noise, or insignificant price movements, in the stock, which can distort traders' views of the price trends. These types of charts also try to neutralize the skewing effect that time has on chart analysis. (For further reading, see Point And Figure Charting.)

Figure 4: A point and figure chart

When first looking at a point and figure chart, you will notice a series of Xs and Os. The Xs represent upward price trends and the Os represent downward price trends. There are also numbers and letters in the chart; these represent months, and give investors an idea of the date. Each box on the chart represents the price scale, which adjusts depending on the price of the stock: the higher the stock's price the more each box represents. On most charts where the price is between $20 and $100, a box represents $1, or 1 point for the stock. The other critical point of a point and figure chart is the reversal criteria. This is usually set at three but it can also be set according to the chartist's discretion. The reversal criteria set how much the price has to move away from the high or low in the price trend to create a new trend or, in other words, how much the price has to move in order for a column of Xs to become a column of Os, or vice versa. When the price trend has moved from one trend to another, it shifts to the right, signaling a trend change.
Conclusion Charts are one of the most fundamental aspects of technical analysis. It is important that you clearly understand what is being shown on a chart and the information that it provides. Now that we have an idea of how charts are constructed, we can move on to the different types of chart patterns.

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Technical Analysis: What Is A Chart?

2011-12-06T23:49:00.001-08:00

Source: http://www.investopedia.com

In technical analysis, charts are similar to the charts that you see in any business setting. A chart is simply a graphical representation of a series of prices over a set time frame. For example, a chart may show a stock's price movement over a one-year period, where each point on the graph represents the closing price for each day the stock is traded:

Figure 1

Figure 1 provides an example of a basic chart. It is a representation of the price movements of a stock over a 1.5 year period. The bottom of the graph, running horizontally (x-axis), is the date or time scale. On the right hand side, running vertically (y-axis), the price of the security is shown. By looking at the graph we see that in October 2004 (Point 1), the price of this stock was around $245, whereas in June 2005 (Point 2), the stock's price is around $265. This tells us that the stock has risen between October 2004 and June 2005.

Chart Properties There are several things that you should be aware of when looking at a chart, as these factors can affect the information that is provided. They include the time scale, the price scale and the price point properties used.

The Time Scale The time scale refers to the range of dates at the bottom of the chart, which can vary from decades to seconds. The most frequently used time scales are intraday, daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly and annually. The shorter the time frame, the more detailed the chart. Each data point can represent the closing price of the period or show the open, the high, the low and the close depending on the chart used.

Intraday charts plot price movement within the period of one day. This means that the time scale could be as short as five minutes or could cover the whole trading day from the opening bell to the closing bell.

Daily charts are comprised of a series of price movements in which each price point on the chart is a full day’s trading condensed into one point. Again, each point on the graph can be simply the closing price or can entail the open, high, low and close for the stock over the day. These data points are spread out over weekly, monthly and even yearly time scales to monitor both short-term and intermediate trends in price movement.

Weekly, monthly, quarterly and yearly charts are used to analyze longer term trends in the movement of a stock's price. Each data point in these graphs will be a condensed version of what happened over the specified period. So for a weekly chart, each data point will be a representation of the price movement of the week. For example, if you are looking at a chart of weekly data spread over a five-year period and each data point is the closing price for the week, the price that is plotted will be the closing price on the last trading day of the week, which is usually a Friday.

The Price Scale and Price Point Properties The price scale is on the right-hand side of the chart. It shows a stock's current price and compares it to past data points. This may seem like a simple concept in that the price scale goes from lower prices to higher prices as you move along the scale from the bottom to the top. The problem, however, is in the structure of the scale itself. A scale can either be constructed in a linear (arithmetic) or logarithmic way, and both of these options are available on most charting services.

If a price scale is constructed using a linear scale, the space between each price point (10, 20, 30, 40) is separated by an equal amount. A price move from 10 to 20 on a linear scale is the same distance on the chart as a move from 40 to 50. In other words, the price scale measures moves in absolute terms and does not show the effects of percent change.

Figure 2

If a price scale is in logarithmic terms, then the distance between points will be equal in terms of percent change. A price change from 10 to 20 is a 100% increase in the price while a move from 40 to 50 is only a 25% change, even though they are represented by the same distance on a linear scale. On a logarithmic scale, the distance of the 100% price change from 10 to 20 will not be the same as the 25% change from 40 to 50. In this case, the move from 10 to 20 is represented by a larger space one the chart, while the move from 40 to 50, is represented by a smaller space because, percentage-wise, it indicates a smaller move. In Figure 2, the logarithmic price scale on the right leaves the same amount of space between 10 and 20 as it does between 20 and 40 because these both represent 100% increases.

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Technical Analysis: The Importance Of Volume

2011-12-06T23:47:00.001-08:00

To this point, we've only discussed the price of a security. While price is the primary item of concern in technical analysis, volume is also extremely important.

What is Volume? Volume is simply the number of shares or contracts that trade over a given period of time, usually a day. The higher the volume, the more active the security. To determine the movement of the volume (up or down), chartists look at the volume bars that can usually be found at the bottom of any chart. Volume bars illustrate how many shares have traded per period and show trends in the same way that prices do. (For further reading, see Price Patterns - Part 3, Gauging Support And Resistance With Price By Volume.)

Why Volume is Importan

Volume is an important aspect of technical analysis because it is used to confirm trends and chart patterns. Any price movement up or down with relatively high volume is seen as a stronger, more relevant move than a similar move with weak volume. Therefore, if you are looking at a large price movement, you should also examine the volume to see whether it tells the same story.

Say, for example, that a stock jumps 5% in one trading day after being in a long downtrend. Is this a sign of a trend reversal? This is where volume helps traders. If volume is high during the day relative to the average daily volume, it is a sign that the reversal is probably for real. On the other hand, if the volume is below average, there may not be enough conviction to support a true trend reversal. (To read more, check out Trading Volume - Crowd Psychology.)

Volume should move with the trend. If prices are moving in an upward trend, volume should increase (and vice versa). If the previous relationship between volume and price movements starts to deteriorate, it is usually a sign of weakness in the trend. For example, if the stock is in an uptrend but the up trading days are marked with lower volume, it is a sign that the trend is starting to lose its legs and may soon end.

When volume tells a different story, it is a case of divergence, which refers to a contradiction between two different indicators. The simplest example of divergence is a clear upward trend on declining volume. (For additional insight, read Divergences, Momentum And Rate Of Change.)

Volume and Chart Patterns
The other use of volume is to confirm chart patterns. Patterns such as head and shoulders, triangles, flags and other price patterns can be confirmed with volume, a process which we'll describe in more detail later in this tutorial. In most chart patterns, there are several pivotal points that are vital to what the chart is able to convey to chartists. Basically, if the volume is not there to confirm the pivotal moments of a chart pattern, the quality of the signal formed by the pattern is weakened.

Volume Precedes Price
Another important idea in technical analysis is that price is preceded by volume. Volume is closely monitored by technicians and chartists to form ideas on upcoming trend reversals. If volume is starting to decrease in an uptrend, it is usually a sign that the upward run is about to end.

Now that we have a better understanding of some of the important factors of technical analysis, we can move on to charts, which help to identify trading opportunities in prices movements.
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Technical Analysis: Support And Resistance

2011-12-06T23:44:00.001-08:00

Source: http://www.investopedia.com

Once you understand the concept of a trend, the next major concept is that of support and resistance. You'll often hear technical analysts talk about the ongoing battle between the bulls and the bears, or the struggle between buyers (demand) and sellers (supply). This is revealed by the prices a security seldom moves above (resistance) or below (support).

Figure 1

As you can see in Figure 1, support is the price level through which a stock or market seldom falls (illustrated by the blue arrows). Resistance, on the other hand, is the price level that a stock or market seldom surpasses (illustrated by the red arrows).

Why Does it Happen?
These support and resistance levels are seen as important in terms of market psychology and supply and demand. Support and resistance levels are the levels at which a lot of traders are willing to buy the stock (in the case of a support) or sell it (in the case of resistance). When these trendlines are broken, the supply and demand and the psychology behind the stock's movements is thought to have shifted, in which case new levels of support and resistance will likely be established.

Round Numbers and Support and Resistance
One type of universal support and resistance that tends to be seen across a large number of securities is round numbers. Round numbers like 10, 20, 35, 50, 100 and 1,000 tend be important in support and resistance levels because they often represent the major psychological turning points at which many traders will make buy or sell decisions.

Buyers will often purchase large amounts of stock once the price starts to fall toward a major round number such as $50, which makes it more difficult for shares to fall below the level. On the other hand, sellers start to sell off a stock as it moves toward a round number peak, making it difficult to move past this upper level as well. It is the increased buying and selling pressure at these levels that makes them important points of support and resistance and, in many cases, major psychological points as well.

Role Reversal Once a resistance or support level is broken, its role is reversed. If the price falls below a support level, that level will become resistance. If the price rises above a resistance level, it will often become support. As the price moves past a level of support or resistance, it is thought that supply and demand has shifted, causing the breached level to reverse its role. For a true reversal to occur, however, it is important that the price make a strong move through either the support or resistance. (For further reading, see Retracement Or Reversal: Know The Difference.)

Figure 2

For example, as you can see in Figure 2, the dotted line is shown as a level of resistance that has prevented the price from heading higher on two previous occasions (Points 1 and 2). However, once the resistance is broken, it becomes a level of support (shown by Points 3 and 4) by propping up the price and preventing it from heading lower again.

Many traders who begin using technical analysis find this concept hard to believe and don't realize that this phenomenon occurs rather frequently, even with some of the most well-known companies. For example, as you can see in Figure 3, this phenomenon is evident on the Wal-Mart Stores Inc. (WMT) chart between 2003 and 2006. Notice how the role of the $51 level changes from a strong level of support to a level of resistance.

Figure 3

In almost every case, a stock will have both a level of support and a level of resistance and will trade in this range as it bounces between these levels. This is most often seen when a stock is trading in a generally sideways manner as the price moves through successive peaks and troughs, testing resistance and support.

The Importance of Support and Resistance Support and resistance analysis is an important part of trends because it can be used to make trading decisions and identify when a trend is reversing. For example, if a trader identifies an important level of resistance that has been tested several times but never broken, he or she may decide to take profits as the security moves toward this point because it is unlikely that it will move past this level.

Support and resistance levels both test and confirm trends and need to be monitored by anyone who uses technical analysis. As long as the price of the share remains between these levels of support and resistance, the trend is likely to continue. It is important to note, however, that a break beyond a level of support or resistance does not always have to be a reversal. For example, if prices moved above the resistance levels of an upward trending channel, the trend has accelerated, not reversed. This means that the price appreciation is expected to be faster than it was in the channel.

Being aware of these important support and resistance points should affect the way that you trade a stock. Traders should avoid placing orders at these major points, as the area around them is usually marked by a lot of volatility. If you feel confident about making a trade near a support or resistance level, it is important that you follow this simple rule: do not place orders directly at the support or resistance level. This is because in many cases, the price never actually reaches the whole number, but flirts with it instead. So if you're bullish on a stock that is moving toward an important support level, do not place the trade at the support level. Instead, place it above the support level, but within a few points. On the other hand, if you are placing stops or short selling, set up your trade price at or below the level of support.

Source: http://www.investopedia.com

Deposito - Deposits

2011-12-06T23:43:00.000-08:00

Source : Wikipedia Indonesia

Deposito atau yang sering juga disebut sebagai deposito berjangka, merupakan produk bank sejenis jasa tabungan yang biasa ditawarkan kepada masyarakat. Dana dalam deposito dijamin oleh pemerintah melalui Lembaga Penjamin Simpanan (LPS) dengan persyaratan tertentu.

Deposito biasanya memiliki jangka waktu tertentu di mana uang di dalamnya tidak boleh ditarik nasabah. Deposito baru bisa dicairkan sesuai dengan tanggal jatuh temponya, biasanya deposito mempunyai jatuh tempo 1, 3, 6, atau 12 bulan. Bila deposito dicairkan sebelum tanggal jatuh tempo, maka akan kena penalti.

Deposito juga dapat diperpanjang secara otomatis menggunakan sistem ARO (Automatic Roll Over). Deposito akan diperpanjang otomatis setelah jatuh tempo, sampai pemiliknya mencairkan depositonya.

Bunga deposito biasanya lebih tinggi daripada bunga tabungan biasa. Bunga dapat diambil setelah tanggal jatuh tempo atau dimasukkan lagi ke pokok deposito untuk didepositokan lagi pada periode berikutnya.

Sertifikat Deposito

Sertifikat deposito adalah produk bank yang mirip dengan deposito, namun berbeda prinsipnya. Sertifikat deposito adalah instrumen utang yang dikeluarkan oleh bank dan lembaga keuangan lain kepada investor. Sebagai pertukaran peminjaman uang institusi untuk masa waktu yang ditentukan, investor mendapatkan hasil berupa suku bunga yang cukup tinggi.

Perbedaan Sertifikat Deposito dengan Deposito

Bunga sertifikat deposito bisa diperhitungkan dimuka.
Sertifikat deposito diterbitkan atas unjuk, sedang deposito diterbitkan atas nama. Jadi pemegang sertifikat deposito siapapun dia, dapat mencairkan dana dalam sertifikat deposito tersebut.
Sertifikat deposito dapat diperjualbelikan dan dipindah tangankan.
Sertifikat deposito tidak dapat diperpanjang secara otomatis.

Keuntungan

Perhitungan bunga dimuka, sehingga bunga yang anda peroleh dapat diinvestasikan lagi di tempat lain
Tingkat suku bunga yang menarik, biasanya lebih tinggi daripada deposito biasa
Dapat dipergunakan sebagai jaminan kredit dan dapat diperjual belikan secara bebas.
Dijamin oleh Lembaga Penjamin Simpanan (LPS) sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku.

Kerugian

Bila dana dicairkan sebelum jatuh tempo, maka akan kena penalti sejumlah tertentu.
Bila sertifikat deposito hilang, maka penemunya bisa mencairkannya dengan mudah.

Deposits or often also referred to as time deposits, a savings bank product similar services normally offered to the public. Funds in deposits guaranteed by the government through the Deposit Insurance Corporation (LPS) with certain requirements.

Deposits usually have a certain period in which the money in it should not be withdrawn customer. Deposits can only be disbursed in accordance with the maturity date, usually deposits have maturity of 1, 3, 6, or 12 months. When the deposits withdrawn before the due date, it will be penalized.

Deposits can also be extended automatically using the system ARO (Automatic Roll Over). Deposits will be extended automatically after the due date, until the owners withdraw their deposits.

Deposit interest rates are usually higher than regular savings. Flowers can be taken after due date or put back to the point of deposit to be deposited again in the next period.

Certificates of DepositCertificates of deposit is a bank product that is similar to the deposits, but different principle. Certificates of deposit are debt instruments issued by banks and other financial institutions to investors. As the exchange of money lending institution for a specified period of time, investors get a high enough interest rates.

Differences Certificates of Deposit with Deposit
1.Bunga certificates of deposit can be calculated in advance.
2.Sertifikat issued bearer deposits, deposits are being issued in the name. So whoever he is the holder of a certificate of deposit, can withdraw the funds in certificates of deposit.
3.Sertifikat deposits can be traded and transferable.
4.Sertifikat deposits can not be renewed automatically.

Profit
1.Perhitungan interest upfront, so the interest that you earn can be reinvested elsewhere
2.Tingkat attractive interest rates, usually higher than regular deposits
3.Dapat used as loan collateral and can be traded freely.
4.Dijamin by LPS (LPS) in accordance with applicable regulations.

Loss
1.Bila disbursed funds before maturity, it will be penalized a certain number.
2.Bila certificates of deposit is lost, then the inventor can melt easily

Technical Analysis: The Use Of Trend

2011-12-06T23:36:00.001-08:00

Source: http://www.investopedia.com

One of the most important concepts in technical analysis is that of trend. The meaning in finance isn't all that different from the general definition of the term - a trend is really nothing more than the general direction in which a security or market is headed. Take a look at the chart below:

Figure 1

It isn't hard to see that the trend in Figure 1 is up. However, it's not always this easy to see a trend:

Figure 2

There are lots of ups and downs in this chart, but there isn't a clear indication of which direction this security is headed.
A More Formal Definition
Unfortunately, trends are not always easy to see. In other words, defining a trend goes well beyond the obvious. In any given chart, you will probably notice that prices do not tend to move in a straight line in any direction, but rather in a series of highs and lows. In technical analysis, it is the movement of the highs and lows that constitutes a trend. For example, an uptrend is classified as a series of higher highs and higher lows, while a downtrend is one of lower lows and lower highs.

Figure 3

Figure 3 is an example of an uptrend. Point 2 in the chart is the first high, which is determined after the price falls from this point. Point 3 is the low that is established as the price falls from the high. For this to remain an uptrend, each successive low must not fall below the previous lowest point or the trend is deemed a reversal.

Types of Trend
There are three types of trend:

Uptrends
Downtrends
Sideways/Horizontal Trends As the names imply, when each successive peak and trough is higher, it's referred to as an upward trend. If the peaks and troughs are getting lower, it's a downtrend. When there is little movement up or down in the peaks and troughs, it's a sideways or horizontal trend. If you want to get really technical, you might even say that a sideways trend is actually not a trend on its own, but a lack of a well-defined trend in either direction. In any case, the market can really only trend in these three ways: up, down or nowhere. (For more insight, see Peak-And-Trough Analysis.)

Trend Lengths
Along with these three trend directions, there are three trend classifications. A trend of any direction can be classified as a long-term trend, intermediate trend or a short-term trend. In terms of the stock market, a major trend is generally categorized as one lasting longer than a year. An intermediate trend is considered to last between one and three months and a near-term trend is anything less than a month. A long-term trend is composed of several intermediate trends, which often move against the direction of the major trend. If the major trend is upward and there is a downward correction in price movement followed by a continuation of the uptrend, the correction is considered to be an intermediate trend. The short-term trends are components of both major and intermediate trends. Take a look a Figure 4 to get a sense of how these three trend lengths might look.
Figure 4

When analyzing trends, it is important that the chart is constructed to best reflect the type of trend being analyzed. To help identify long-term trends, weekly charts or daily charts spanning a five-year period are used by chartists to get a better idea of the long-term trend. Daily data charts are best used when analyzing both intermediate and short-term trends. It is also important to remember that the longer the trend, the more important it is; for example, a one-month trend is not as significant as a five-year trend. (To read more, see Short-, Intermediate- And Long-Term Trends.)

Trendlines A trendline is a simple charting technique that adds a line to a chart to represent the trend in the market or a stock. Drawing a trendline is as simple as drawing a straight line that follows a general trend. These lines are used to clearly show the trend and are also used in the identification of trend reversals.

As you can see in Figure 5, an upward trendline is drawn at the lows of an upward trend. This line represents the support the stock has every time it moves from a high to a low. Notice how the price is propped up by this support. This type of trendline helps traders to anticipate the point at which a stock's price will begin moving upwards again. Similarly, a downward trendline is drawn at the highs of the downward trend. This line represents the resistance level that a stock faces every time the price moves from a low to a high. (To read more, see Support & Resistance Basics and Support And Resistance Zones - Part 1 and Part 2.)

Figure 5

Channels A channel, or channel lines, is the addition of two parallel trendlines that act as strong areas of support and resistance. The upper trendline connects a series of highs, while the lower trendline connects a series of lows. A channel can slope upward, downward or sideways but, regardless of the direction, the interpretation remains the same. Traders will expect a given security to trade between the two levels of support and resistance until it breaks beyond one of the levels, in which case traders can expect a sharp move in the direction of the break. Along with clearly displaying the trend, channels are mainly used to illustrate important areas of support and resistance.
Figure 6

Figure 6 illustrates a descending channel on a stock chart; the upper trendline has been placed on the highs and the lower trendline is on the lows. The price has bounced off of these lines several times, and has remained range-bound for several months. As long as the price does not fall below the lower line or move beyond the upper resistance, the range-bound downtrend is expected to continue.

The Importance of Trend
It is important to be able to understand and identify trends so that you can trade with rather than against them. Two important sayings in technical analysis are "the trend is your friend" and "don't buck the trend," illustrating how important trend analysis is for technical traders

Source: http://www.investopedia.com

Technical Analysis: Fundamental Vs. Technical Analysis

2011-12-06T23:32:00.001-08:00

Source: http://www.investopedia.com

Technical analysis and fundamental analysis are the two main schools of thought in the financial markets. As we've mentioned, technical analysis looks at the price movement of a security and uses this data to predict its future price movements. Fundamental analysis, on the other hand, looks at economic factors, known as fundamentals. Let's get into the details of how these two approaches differ, the criticisms against technical analysis and how technical and fundamental analysis can be used together to analyze securities.

The Differences Charts vs. Financial Statements
At the most basic level, a technical analyst approaches a security from the charts, while a fundamental analyst starts with the financial statements. (For further reading, see Introduction To Fundamental Analysis and Advanced Financial Statement Analysis.)

By looking at the balance sheet, cash flow statement and income statement, a fundamental analyst tries to determine a company's value. In financial terms, an analyst attempts to measure a company's intrinsic value. In this approach, investment decisions are fairly easy to make - if the price of a stock trades below its intrinsic value, it's a good investment. Although this is an oversimplification (fundamental analysis goes beyond just the financial statements) for the purposes of this tutorial, this simple tenet holds true. Technical traders, on the other hand, believe there is no reason to analyze a company's fundamentals because these are all accounted for in the stock's price. Technicians believe that all the information they need about a stock can be found in its charts.

Time Horizon Fundamental analysis takes a relatively long-term approach to analyzing the market compared to technical analysis. While technical analysis can be used on a timeframe of weeks, days or even minutes, fundamental analysis often looks at data over a number of years.

The different timeframes that these two approaches use is a result of the nature of the investing style to which they each adhere. It can take a long time for a company's value to be reflected in the market, so when a fundamental analyst estimates intrinsic value, a gain is not realized until the stock's market price rises to its "correct" value. This type of investing is called value investing and assumes that the short-term market is wrong, but that the price of a particular stock will correct itself over the long run. This "long run" can represent a timeframe of as long as several years, in some cases. (For more insight, read Warren Buffett: How He Does It and What Is Warren Buffett's Investing Style?)

Furthermore, the numbers that a fundamentalist analyzes are only released over long periods of time. Financial statements are filed quarterly and changes in earnings per share don't emerge on a daily basis like price and volume information. Also remember that fundamentals are the actual characteristics of a business. New management can't implement sweeping changes overnight and it takes time to create new products, marketing campaigns, supply chains, etc. Part of the reason that fundamental analysts use a long-term timeframe, therefore, is because the data they use to analyze a stock is generated much more slowly than the price and volume data used by technical analysts.

Trading Versus Investing
Not only is technical analysis more short term in nature that fundamental analysis, but the goals of a purchase (or sale) of a stock are usually different for each approach. In general, technical analysis is used for a trade, whereas fundamental analysis is used to make an investment. Investors buy assets they believe can increase in value, while traders buy assets they believe they can sell to somebody else at a greater price. The line between a trade and an investment can be blurry, but it does characterize a difference between the two schools.

The Critics Some critics see technical analysis as a form of black magic. Don't be surprised to see them question the validity of the discipline to the point where they mock its supporters. In fact, technical analysis has only recently begun to enjoy some mainstream credibility. While most analysts on Wall Street focus on the fundamental side, just about any major brokerage now employs technical analysts as well.

Much of the criticism of technical analysis has its roots in academic theory - specifically the efficient market hypothesis (EMH). This theory says that the market's price is always the correct one - any past trading information is already reflected in the price of the stock and, therefore, any analysis to find undervalued securities is useless.

There are three versions of EMH. In the first, called weak form efficiency, all past price information is already included in the current price. According to weak form efficiency, technical analysis can't predict future movements because all past information has already been accounted for and, therefore, analyzing the stock's past price movements will provide no insight into its future movements. In the second, semi-strong form efficiency, fundamental analysis is also claimed to be of little use in finding investment opportunities. The third is strong form efficiency, which states that all information in the market is accounted for in a stock's price and neither technical nor fundamental analysis can provide investors with an edge. The vast majority of academics believe in at least the weak version of EMH, therefore, from their point of view, if technical analysis works, market efficiency will be called into question. (For more insight, read What Is Market Efficiency? and Working Through The Efficient Market Hypothesis.)

There is no right answer as to who is correct. There are arguments to be made on both sides and, therefore, it's up to you to do the homework and determine your own philosophy.
Can They Co-Exist? Although technical analysis and fundamental analysis are seen by many as polar opposites - the oil and water of investing - many market participants have experienced great success by combining the two. For example, some fundamental analysts use technical analysis techniques to figure out the best time to enter into an undervalued security. Oftentimes, this situation occurs when the security is severely oversold. By timing entry into a security, the gains on the investment can be greatly improved.

Alternatively, some technical traders might look at fundamentals to add strength to a technical signal. For example, if a sell signal is given through technical patterns and indicators, a technical trader might look to reaffirm his or her decision by looking at some key fundamental data. Oftentimes, having both the fundamentals and technicals on your side can provide the best-case scenario for a trade.

While mixing some of the components of technical and fundamental analysis is not well received by the most devoted groups in each school, there are certainly benefits to at least understanding both schools of thought.

Source: http://www.investopedia.com

Technical Analysis: The Basic Assumptions

2011-12-06T23:29:00.001-08:00

Source : http://www.investopedia.com/
What Is Technical Analysis? Technical analysis is a method of evaluating securities by analyzing the statistics generated by market activity, such as past prices and volume. Technical analysts do not attempt to measure a security's intrinsic value, but instead use charts and other tools to identify patterns that can suggest future activity.

Just as there are many investment styles on the fundamental side, there are also many different types of technical traders. Some rely on chart patterns, others use technical indicators and oscillators, and most use some combination of the two. In any case, technical analysts' exclusive use of historical price and volume data is what separates them from their fundamental counterparts. Unlike fundamental analysts, technical analysts don't care whether a stock is undervalued - the only thing that matters is a security's past trading data and what information this data can provide about where the security might move in the future. The field of technical analysis is based on three assumptions:

1. The market discounts everything. 2. Price moves in trends. 3. History tends to repeat itself.

1. The Market Discounts Everything A major criticism of technical analysis is that it only considers price movement, ignoring the fundamental factors of the company. However, technical analysis assumes that, at any given time, a stock's price reflects everything that has or could affect the company - including fundamental factors. Technical analysts believe that the company's fundamentals, along with broader economic factors and market psychology, are all priced into the stock, removing the need to actually consider these factors separately. This only leaves the analysis of price movement, which technical theory views as a product of the supply and demand for a particular stock in the market.
2. Price Moves in Trends In technical analysis, price movements are believed to follow trends. This means that after a trend has been established, the future price movement is more likely to be in the same direction as the trend than to be against it. Most technical trading strategies are based on this assumption.

3. History Tends To Repeat Itself Another important idea in technical analysis is that history tends to repeat itself, mainly in terms of price movement. The repetitive nature of price movements is attributed to market psychology; in other words, market participants tend to provide a consistent reaction to similar market stimuli over time. Technical analysis uses chart patterns to analyze market movements and understand trends. Although many of these charts have been used for more than 100 years, they are still believed to be relevant because they illustrate patterns in price movements that often repeat themselves.

Not Just for Stocks
Technical analysis can be used on any security with historical trading data. This includes stocks, futures and commodities, fixed-income securities, forex, etc. In this tutorial, we'll usually analyze stocks in our examples, but keep in mind that these concepts can be applied to any type of security. In fact, technical analysis is more frequently associated wit commodities and forex, where the participants are predominantly traders.

Source : http://www.investopedia.com/

Tabungan - Savings

2011-12-06T23:28:00.000-08:00

Ingat lagunya Tante Titi Puspa tentang menabung? Itulah ajakan menabung untuk anak-anak dan tentunya juga bagi orang dewasa, mengapa ? karena memang menabung adalah suatu perbuatan yang sangat baik. Kita diajarkan untuk mempersiapkan diri untuk kehidupan yang akan datang.

Mungkin ada beberapa teman atau anak kita yang belum mengerti sekali dengan istilah menabung ini. Seperti biasa saya coba untuk melihatnya di wikipedia, ini hasilnya :

Menurut Undang-undang No 10 Tahun 1998 Tentang Perbankan, Tabungan adalah simpanan yang penarikannya hanya dapat dilakukan menurut syarat tertentu yang disepakati, tetapi tidak dapat ditarik dengan cek, bilyet giro, dan /atau alat lainnya yang dipersamakan dengan itu.

Tujuan Menabung di bank adalah :

Penyisihan sebagian hasil pendapatan nasabah untuk dikumpulkan sebagai cadangan hari depan
Sebagai alat untuk melakukan transaksi bisnis atau usaha individu / kelompok

Sarana Penarikan Tabungan :

Buku Tabungan
Slip penarikan
ATM (Anjungan Tunai Mandiri)
Sarana lainnya (Formulir Transfer, Internet Banking, Mobile Banking, dll)

Perhitungan Bunga Tabungan :

a. Metode Saldo Terendah Besarnya bunga tabungan dihitung dari jumlah saldo terendah pada bulan laporan dikalikan dengan suku bunga per tahun kemudian dikalikan dengan jumlah hari pada bulan laporan dan dibagi dengan jumlah hari dalam satu tahun.

Misalnya untuk menghitung bunga pada bulan Mei, maka besarnya bunga dihitung : Bunga tabungan = .... % * 31/365 * saldo terendah pada bulan Mei

b. Metode Perhitungan Bunga Berdasarkan Saldo Rata-rata Pada metode ini, bunga dalam satu bulan dihitung berdasarkan saldo rata-rata dalam bulan berjalan. Saldo rata-rata dihitung berdasarkan jumlah saldo akhir tabungan setiap hari dalam bulan berjalan, dibagi dengan jumlah hari dalam bulan tersebut.

c. Metode Perhitungan Bunga Berdasarkan Saldo Harian Pada metode ini bunga dihitung dari saldo harian. Bunga tabungan dalam bulan berjalan dihitung dengan menjumlahkan hasil perhitungan bunga setiap harinya.

Faktor-faktor tingkat Tabungan

Tinggi rendahnya pendapatan masyarakat
Tinggi rendahnya suku bunga bank
Adanya tingkat kepercayaan terhadap bank

Hal-hal yang perlu diperhatikan :

Sebelum Anda menabung, tanyakan metode perhitungan bunga yang diberlakukan oleh bank tersebut.
Suku bunga tabungan dapat berubah sewaktuwaktu,karena itu suku bunga ini disebut suku bunga mengambang atau floating rate.
Beberapa bank menetapkan suku bunga tabungan tetap untuk jangka waktu tertentu (fixed rate).
Atas bunga tabungan yang diperoleh akan dikenakan pajak sesuai ketentuan berlaku.

Mudah kan...selamat belajar menabung :)

Remember her song Aunt Titi Puspa about saving money? That call-saving for the kids and of course also for adults, why? because saving is a very good deed. We are taught to prepare themselves for life to come.
There may be some friends or our children who do not understand all the terms of this saving. As always I try to see it on wikipedia, it's the result:
According to Law No. 10 Year 1998 About Banking, Savings is a savings withdrawal can only be done according to certain agreed conditions, but can not be withdrawn by check, giro, and / or other equivalent means of it.
Saving money in the bank's objectives are:

1. Provision for income customers some of the results to be collected as reserves for the future2. As a means to transact business or individual / group

Withdrawal Means Savings:1. Savings book
2. Withdrawal slip
3. ATM (Automated Teller Machine)
4. Other means (Form Transfer, Internet Banking, Mobile Banking, etc.)
Savings Interest Calculation:a. Low Balance Method is calculated from the amount of interest savings on the lowest balance amount of the reporting month multiplied by the interest rate per year is then multiplied by the number of days in the reporting month and divided by the number of days in a year.
For example to calculate the rate in May, then the amount of interest calculated: Interest savings = .... % * 31/365 * lowest balance in May
b. Interest Calculation Method Based on Average Balance In this method, the flowers in one month is calculated based on the average balance in the current month. Average balance is calculated based on the ending balance amount of savings every day of the month, divided by the number of days in that month.
c. Interest Calculation Method Based On Daily Balance method is interest calculated from the daily balance. Interest savings in the current month is calculated by summing the results of calculation of interest every day.
Savings rate factors1. High and low income communities2. Lower interest rates as high3. The existence of the level of confidence in banks
The things to note:1. Before you save, check the interest calculation method applied by the bank.2. Interest rates may change sewaktuwaktu savings, because it is the interest rate is called a floating rate or floating rate.3. Some banks set interest rates fixed for a specified period (fixed rate).4. Savings on interest earned will be taxed according to the provisions applicable.

Technical Analysis: Introduction

2011-12-06T23:26:00.001-08:00

Source : http://www.investopedia.com

The methods used to analyze securities and make investment decisions fall into two very broad categories: fundamental analysis and technical analysis. Fundamental analysis involves analyzing the characteristics of a company in order to estimate its value. Technical analysis takes a completely different approach; it doesn't care one bit about the "value" of a company or a commodity. Technicians (sometimes called chartists) are only interested in the price movements in the market.

Despite all the fancy and exotic tools it employs, technical analysis really just studies supply and demand in a market in an attempt to determine what direction, or trend, will continue in the future. In other words, technical analysis attempts to understand the emotions in the market by studying the market itself, as opposed to its components. If you understand the benefits and limitations of technical analysis, it can give you a new set of tools or skills that will enable you to be a better trader or investor.

Source : http://www.investopedia.com

Investment - Investasi

2011-12-04T01:39:00.000-08:00

Do we ever think that we would live forever, must have been destiny that God that every soul will experience death. From the above phrase is fitting for us as men to prepare their best to Playing the period in which it will surely happen. What to do with my writing this, of course nothing to do.I took the definition from wikipedia Indonesia following investments:

Investment is a term with several terms related to finance and economics. The term is related to the accumulation of a form of asset with a hope of future profits. Sometimes, the investment is also known as capital investment.

Understanding, based on economic theory, investment means the purchase (and production) of capital goods are not consumed but used for the upcoming production (goods production). For example building a railroad or factory. Investment is a component of GDP by the formula GDP = C + I + G + (XM). On aspects of the investment function is divided in non-residential investment (such as plant and machinery) and residential investment (new houses). Investment is a function of income and interest rates, seen with the relation I = (Y, i). An increase in income will encourage greater investment, where higher interest rates will discourage investment as it will be more expensive than borrowing money. Even if a company chooses to use its own funds for investment, the interest rate shows an opportunity cost of investing those funds rather than lend to earn interest.

Product

Some investment products known as securities or securities. The definition of the effect is a form of ownership instrument that can be transferred in the form of securities, stocks / bonds, evidence of debt (Promissory Notes), interest or participation in a collective agreement (mutual funds), The right to buy a stock (Rights), guarantees for buy shares in the future or which instruments can be traded.

Form

Land investment - expected with increasing population and land use; the price of land will increase in the future.
Investment education - with increased knowledge and skills, job search and the expected higher revenues.
Investments in shares - the company is expected to benefit from the work or research.
Gold Investment

Risk
Besides being able to add a person's income, investments also carry the financial risk if the investment fails. Investment failure is caused by many things, including the factor of safety (either from natural disasters or caused by human factors), or a legal order.

Thank You

Pernahkah kita berfikir bahwa kita akan hidup selama-lamanya, tentunya sudah takdir Tuhan bahwa setiap yang bernyawa akan mengalami kematian. Dari ungkapan di atas sudah selayaknyalah kita sebagai manusia mempersiapkan diri sebaik-baiknya untuk mengadapi masa di mana sesuatu itu akan pasti terjadi. Apa hubungannya dengan tulisan saya ini, tentunya ada hubungannya.

Saya ambil definisi investasi dari wikipedia Indonesia sbb :

Investasi adalah suatu istilah dengan beberapa pengertian yang berhubungan dengan keuangan dan ekonomi. Istilah tersebut berkaitan dengan akumulasi suatu bentuk aktiva dengan suatu harapan mendapatkan keuntungan dimasa depan. Terkadang, investasi disebut juga sebagai penanaman modal.

Jadi sebenarnya tujuan dari investasi itu adalah mendapatkan keuntungan di masa yang akan datang, yang sebenarnya investasi itu dapat dibagi dalam bagian besar, yaitu sebagai makhluk ciptaan Tuhan dia harus mempunyai bekal untuk kebahagiaan kehidupan akhiratnya, dan sebagai manusia yang memiliki hak untuk kehidupan dunia dengan mencapai kebaikan dunianya.

Kali ini kita bicarakan dulu invesatsi dunia yaaa..

Pengertian

Berdasarkan teori ekonomi, investasi berarti pembelian (dan produksi) dari modal barang yang tidak dikonsumsi tetapi digunakan untuk produksi yang akan datang (barang produksi). Contohnya membangun rel kereta api atau pabrik. Investasi adalah suatu komponen dari PDB dengan rumus PDB = C + I + G + (X-M). Fungsi investasi pada aspek tersebut dibagi pada investasi non-residential (seperti pabrik dan mesin) dan investasi residential (rumah baru). Investasi adalah suatu fungsi pendapatan dan tingkat bunga, dilihat dengan kaitannya I= (Y,i). Suatu pertambahan pada pendapatan akan mendorong investasi yang lebih besar, dimana tingkat bunga yang lebih tinggi akan menurunkan minat untuk investasi sebagaimana hal tersebut akan lebih mahal dibandingkan dengan meminjam uang. Walaupun jika suatu perusahaan lain memilih untuk menggunakan dananya sendiri untuk investasi, tingkat bunga menunjukkan suatu biaya kesempatan dari investasi dana tersebut daripada meminjamkan untuk mendapatkan bunga.

Produk

Beberapa produk investasi dikenal sebagai efek atau surat berharga. Definisi efek adalah suatu instrumen bentuk kepemilikan yang dapat dipindah tangankan dalam bentuk surat berharga, saham/obligasi, bukti hutang (Promissory Notes), bunga atau partisipasi dalam suatu perjanjian kolektif (Reksa dana), Hak untuk membeli suatu saham (Rights), garansi untuk membeli saham pada masa mendatang atau instrumen yang dapat diperjual belikan.

Bentuk

Investasi tanah - diharapkan dengan bertambahnya populasi dan penggunaan tanah; harga tanah akan meningkat di masa depan.
Investasi pendidikan - dengan bertambahnya pengetahuan dan keahlian, diharapkan pencarian kerja dan pendapatan lebih besar.
Investasi saham - diharapkan perusahaan mendapatkan keuntungan dari hasil kerja atau penelitian.
Investasi Emas

Resiko

Selain dapat menambah penghasilan seseorang, investasi juga membawa risiko keuangan jika investasi tersebut gagal. Kegagalan investasi disebabkan oleh banyak hal, diantaranya adalah faktor keamanan (baik dari bencana alam atau diakibatkan faktor manusia), atau ketertiban hukum.

Land Investment - Investasi Tanah

2011-12-03T01:48:00.000-08:00

Quoted from Danareksa.com

This time we learn what it is land investment. Here's my take excerpts from someone who asks questions about how to maximize asset tunainya with the desire to purchase land, where she found it hard to locate suitable land, sidelines or on the outskirts of Jakarta and the factors What should dipertimbangnya.

Here are answers from Mrs. Mike Rini (a financial planner)
Said the investment will never lose ground, the logic of the land will not increase but the number of humans on the increase. As a result, supply a little but its growing demand. So that land prices would go up, not down and never penah quiet enthusiasts. In my opinion it is true, but in reality is not always the case. We just take an extreme example, say you buy land in favorite locations even then you sell it within a month longer, chances are you still lose. For resale value may not be able to cover the costs of purchasing land that has been happening.

But in general there are several factors that should be noted that the boarding house and land investments can be profitable, among others;

Location.
The value or price of a parcel of land and the speed of price increases is not the same land in different places. Land in cities is not the same as in the village, the center city land (although in the "alley bumper") is not the same as suburban land, land in the industrial area is also not the same as residential areas, and other sebaginya. Land prices are generally the most rapid rise in the central business districts or the burgeoning area disuatu good for residential areas and industrial areas because so much demand relatively easily traded or illiquid. In conclusion the location of the land investment becomes a key factor in rising land prices. Favorite location of course more and more demand then the land price growth was also faster, because it is the investment return is also higher. You just have to stay observant choose which area is a favorite of people in the business of buying and selling land,

Period of time.
Investment land is less suitable if short-term investments such as under 3 years. Because the possibility of rising land prices have not been able to cover the costs of purchase and sales return. These costs include the cost of deed of sale, behind the name cert, purchase of land tax, property tax, maintenance / care, and other-lian. Do not forget when you resell you will also be charged sales tax back ground. Therefore invesatsi land suitable only done in the long run,

Liquidity.
Make sure the funds will be invested into the ground will not be used for anything in a long time. Make sure that if an emergency occurs even if you already have other reserve fund, so no need to sell the land before time. Therefore, land investment is not liquid, it takes time to sell it back. If you suddenly had to be sold in the near term prices would fall and not be able to cover the costs that have occurred.

Dispute-free.
Do not buy land that is still not clear status or pledged to other parties such as the case is still in dispute in court because the case division of the estate, property Gono-gini divorce, hampered the case of land acquisition, not certified, the case bank sequestration, and others. Should it not be purchased because of the risk of disputes in the future is enormous. Costs incurred due to the occurrence of disputes can be very draining your pocket not to mention the effort and time wasted.

The letters document or complete the land.
Ensure that the land purchased complete document. Such as certificates of land (or SHGB SHM), IMB, ask if there is a copy of the building blueprints of the building (blue printnya), the UN tax returns last year. Examine the data in the document of land with physical reality (the area of land, location, period of validity, etc.)Investment Return Assumption.

The average increase in land prices can be higher than inflation, but for more accurate calculation you should do some research first how rising land prices in areas of your choice.

There are four parties that you can ask, namely;

Local people (neighbors left-right);
Board RT / RT or Village;
Land Agency Nasioanal / local BPN;
The property broker with offices around the region.

Buying or selling a house or land as it involves large sums of money then I recommend you to use the services of a notary who you know, or notary residing in the vicinity of land or a house you want to buy. Notary will provide tax cost information should you provide and take care of its completion.

Please try.

Dikutip dari Danareksa.com

Kali ini kita belajar apa itu investasi tanah. Berikut saya ambil petikan pertanyaan dari seseorang yang bertanya tentang bagaimana memaksimalkan aset tunainya dengan keinginan membeli tanah, dimana dia kesulitan untuk mencari lokasi tanah yang cocok, dipinggiran atau di luar kota Jakarta dan faktor-faktor apa yangharus dipertimbangnya.

Berikut jawaban dari Ibu Mike Rini (seorang perencana keuangan)

Kata orang investasi tanah tidak akan pernah rugi, logikanya jumlah tanah tidak akan bertambah namun jumlah manusia bertambah terus. Alhasil, supply sedikit namun demand-nya bertambah. Sehingga harga tanah pasti naik, tidak penah turun dan tidak pernah sepi peminat. Menurut saya pendapat itu ada benarnya, namun pada kenyataannya tidak selalu demikian. Kita ambil saja contoh ekstrim, misalnya Anda membeli tanah di lokasi favorit sekalipun kemudian Anda menjualnya dalam waktu sebulan lagi, kemungkinan besar Anda masih rugi. Sebab nilai jualnya belum tentu bisa mengcover biaya-biaya pembelian tanah yang sudah terjadi. Namun secara umum ada beberapa faktor yang harus kita perhatikan agar investasi rumah kos dan tanah bisa menguntungkan, antara lain;

Lokasi.
Nilai atau harga sebidang tanah dan kecepatan kenaikan harga tanahnya tidak sama di berbagai tempat. Tanah di kota tidak sama dengan di desa, tanah dipusat kota (walaupun di “gang senggol”) tidak sama dengan tanah pinggiran kota, tanah di kawasan industri juga tidak sama dengan wilayah perumahan, dan lain sebaginya. Umumnya harga tanah yang paling cepat naik berada di wilayah pusat bisnis atau disuatu wilayah yang sedang berkembang baik untuk kawasan pemukiman maupun kawasan industri karena banyak peminatnya sehingga relative mudah diperjual belikan atau likuid. Kesimpulannya lokasi dalam investasi tanah menjadi faktor kunci kenaikan harga tanahnya. Lokasi favorit tentunya semakin banyak peminatnya maka pertumbuhan harga tanah nya juga lebih cepat, karena itu return hasil investasinya juga lebih tinggi. Tinggal Anda saja yang harus jeli memilih daerah mana yang menjadi favorit orang-orang dalam bisnis jual beli tanah,
Jangka waktu.
Investasi tanah kurang cocok jika jangka waktu investasinya pendek misalnya dibawah 3 tahun. Sebab kemungkinan kenaikan harga tanahnya belum mampun menutup biaya-biaya pembelian dan penjualannya kembali. Biaya-biaya ini antara lain biaya akta jual beli, balik nama sertfikat, pajak pembelian tanah, pajak bumi dan bangunan, maintenance / perawatan, dan lain-lian. Jangan lupa saat Anda menjual kembali Anda juga akan dikenakan biaya pajak penjualan tanah kembali. Karena itu invesatsi tanah hanya cocok dilakukan dalam jangka panjang,
Likuiditas.
Pastikan dana yang akan diinvestasikan ke dalam tanah belum akan digunakan untuk apapun dalam waktu lama. Pastikan bahwa jika terjadi keadaan darurat sekalipun Anda sudah memiliki dana cadangan lain, sehingga tidak perlu menjual tanah sebelum waktunya. Sebab, investasi tanah tidak likuid, butuh waktu untuk menjualnya kembali. Jika tiba-tiba terpaksa harus dijual dalam jangka waktu dekat harganya pasti jatuh dan belum tentu bisa menutup biaya-biaya yang sudah terjadi.
Bebas Sengketa.
Jangan membeli tanah yang belum jelas statusnya atau masih dijaminkan kepada pihak lain misalnya masih dalam perkara sengketa di pengadilan karena kasus pembagian harta warisan, harta gono-gini perceraian, terganjal kasus pembebasan tanah, tidak bersertifikat, perkara sita jaminan bank, dan lain-lain. Sebaiknya memang tidak dibeli karena resiko terjadinya sengketa di kemudian hari sangat besar. Biaya- biaya yang terjadi karena terjadinya sengketa bisa sangat menguras kantong Anda belum lagi tenaga dan waktu yang terbuang.
Dokumen atau Surat-surat tanahnya lengkap.
Pastikan bahwa tanah yang dibeli dokumennya lengkap. Seperti Sertifikat tanah (SHM atau SHGB), IMB, kalau ada bangunannya mintalah copy cetak biru bangunannya (blue printnya), SPPT PBB tahun terakhir. Periksalah data-data pada dokumen tanah dengan kenyataan fisiknya (luas tanah, lokasi, masa berlaku, dll)
Asumsi Return Hasil Investasi.
Rata-rata kenaikan harga tanah bisa lebih tinggi dari inflasi, namun untuk perhitungan lebih akurat sebaiknya Anda melakukan penelitian dulu berapa kenaikan harga tanah didaerah yang menjadi pilihan Anda. Ada 4 pihak yang bisa Anda tanyai, yaitu;

Warga setempat (tetangga kiri-kanan);
Pengurus RT/ RT atau Kelurahan;
Badan Pertanahan Nasioanal / BPN setempat;
Para broker property yang berkantor di sekitar wilayah tersebut.

Transaksi jual beli rumah atau tanah karena melibatkan uang dalam jumlah besar maka saya sarankan Anda untuk memakai jasa notaris yang Anda kenal, atau notaris yang berada di sekitar wilayah tanah atau rumah yang ingin Anda beli. Notaris akan memberikan informasi biaya pajak yang harus Anda sediakan dan mengurus penyelesaiannya.

Silakan dicoba.

Strategi Dalam Investasi Saham - Strategy In Stock Investment

2011-12-02T00:36:00.001-08:00

Jika kita sudah berhasil menjadi investor, jangan diam begitu saja, tentunya kita tidak ingin investasi yang kita tanamkan akan menghasilakn nilai pada masa yang akan datang, karena memang itulah tujuan investasi. Tapi ingat pepatah yang sering digunakan investor “don’t put eggs in one basket”, pasti Anda sudah tau maksudnya. Kira-kira begini maksudnya, kalau kita menginvestasikan dana kita pada suatu penempatan, usahakan tidaklah kita masukkan dalam portofolio yang sama. Maksud dari pepatah itu sangat luas tidaklah terbatas pada investasi pada saham saja, misalnya jika kita punya uang 100 Juta, 50 juta kita belikan modal untuk berdagang kebutuhan bahan pokok, sisanya bisa Anda belikan tanah atau usaha lainnya. Jadi seandainya salah satu bisnis Anda mengalami kebrangkutan karena satu dan lain hal, Anda masih punya usaha lain yang mungkin tahan terhadap yang mengakibatkan usaha kita yang lainnya tsb bangkrut. Sama halnya dengan investasi saham, usahakan kita tidak menanamkan semua modal dalam satu saham yang sama, tetapi dalam portofolio kita itu terdapat beberapa saham yang cukup liquid.

Karena investasi dalam saham itu tidaklah semudah kita membeli tanah lalu didiamkan dan nantinya akan menghasilkan keuntungan, tetapi harus memiliki pengetahuan tentang hal tsb. Berikut saya kutip tulisan dari website www.investasisaham.org bagaimana strategi dalam investasi saham :

Beberapa pilihan teknik strategi yang dapat dilakukan oleh para investor terhadap kegiatan berinvestasi saham :

a. Teknik Analisis

Teknik analisis adalah teknik yang memperhatikan dan menganalisa fluktuasi harga saham yang membentuk trend dengan melihatnya secara individu dan keseluruhan saham pada pasar modal. Cara ini memang tidak dapat menebak pergerakan harga dengan tepat, namun cukup membantu dalam mengambil keputusan.

b. Analisis Fundamental

Analisa fundamental adalah menganalisis berbagai faktor yang berhubungan dengan saham yang akan kita pilih melalui analisis perusahaan, analisis industri dan analisis ekonomi dan pasar makro mikro serta metode-metode analisis lain untuk mendukung analisa saham yang akan dipilih. Info analisis fundamental bisa didapat melalui media massa, media cetak, media elektronik, perusahaan sekuritas, pakar pasar modal, dan lain sebagainya.

c. Strategi Beli Dan Tahan

Jika Anda yakin suatu saat suatu saham akan memiliki peningkatan nilai maka anda bisa membeli saham tersebut dan menyimpannya hingga saat yang tepat sehingga Anda dapat melepasnya / menjualnya. Terkadang ada saham dari perusahaan yang saat ini kondisinya biasa-biasa saja, namun Anda yakin suatu saat perusahaan tersebut akan maju pesat. Jika Anda sangat yakin Anda bisa menginestasikan uang Anda pada saham perusahaan tersebut lalu menyimpannya hingga saat yang tepat untuk melakukan aksi jual.

d. Index Funds/ DanaIndeks

Indeks merupakan gabungan dari beberapa dana segar dan dana pensiun yang merupakan duplikasi dari indeks pada pasar modal. Dari indeks yang ada, Anda bisa memilih portfolio investasi mana yang di masa mendatang dapat memberikan gain / keuntungan pada anda serta menghindari loss / kerugian yang mungkin dapat terjadi pada investasi Anda.

Dalam kesempatan lainnya, nanti akan saya berikan penjelasan yang lebih lengkap lagi.

If we was successful as investor, don't keep quiet to pitch upon, obviously we doesn't want investment that we imbeds menghasilakn will assess on proximately, since really that is investment aim. But remembers proverb that often been utilized investor

Since investment in that stock is not as easy as we buy earth then are idled and its following will result gain, but has to have science about thing it. My following quotes writing from website

www. investasisaham. org how is strategy in stock investment:

Severally selection tech strategy which can be done by investors for activity to get stock investment:

a. Technical Analysis

Tech analisis is tech one notice and analyse stock price fluctuation that forms trend by sees it individually and all stock on capital market. This trick really that menebak can't price move on the nose, but enough helps in takes a decision.

b. Fundamental Analysis

Fundamental analysis is menganalisis various factor that is engaged stock who we will choose through analisis firm, analisis is industry and analisis is economy and micro macro market and analisis's methods any other to back up stock analysis that will be chosen. analisis's info getable fundamental via mass media, print media, electronic media, sekuritas's firm, capital market expert, and other as it.

c. Strategy Buys And Bate

If You are certain a while a stock will have point step-up therefore you can buy that stock and keep it until right time so You can take down it / sells it. Sometimes available stock of current firm its condition so-sos, but You are certain a while that firm will go forward quick. If You so confident You that menginestasikan can Your money on that corporate stock then keep it until right time to do sell action.

d. Funds index

Index constitutes affiliate of some fresh fund and pension fund that constitute duplication of index on capital market. Of aught index, You can choose portfolio investment which that hereafter gets to give gain / gain on your and avoids loss / loss who may get happening on Your investment.

In another chance, later I will give more complete explanation again.

Bagaimana Memulai Investasi Saham ?

2011-12-02T00:09:00.001-08:00

Bagi segelintir orang yang memang pernah belajar di pendidikan formal dengan jurusan keuangan sudah tidak asing lagi dengan istilah saham, barangkali juga diajarkan cara-cara berinvestasi saham yang baik dan benar. Tetapi bagi orang yang awam sekali dengan istilah ini tetapi tertarik untuk mengetahui lebih jauh tentang saham dan berinvestasi di dalam nya, mereka harus belajar sendiri dengan mencari informasi sebanyak-banyaknya dari pendidikan non forrmal maypun banyak bertanya kepada ahlinya. Sebenarnya kalau kita sering membuka website nya Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI), di situ sudah ada informasi yang jelas bagaimana caranya jika seseorang ingin melakukan investasi saham, tetapi tidak ada salahnya jika pada tulisan ini saya ulas sedikit.

Berikut saya kutip tulisan yang ada di www.investasisaham.org :

Bagaimana Menjadi Nasabah Perusahaan Efek (Pembukaan Rekening Nasabah)

Sebelum Anda melakukan jual beli saham, seperti layaknya membuka rekening di bank maka terlebih dahulu Anda harus membuka rekening di satu atau beberapa Perusahaan Efek. Dengan pembukaan rekening tersebut maka secara resmi Anda telah tercatat sebagai nasabah dan data identitas Anda tercatat dalam pembukuan Perusahaan Efek seperti Nama, Alamat, Nomor Rekening Bank dan data-data lain. Bersamaan dengan pembukaan rekening ini, Anda menandatangani perjanjian dengan Perusahaan Efek yang menyangkut hak dan kewajiban kedua belah pihak.

Berapa Biaya Jual Beli Saham?
Komponen dari biaya jual dan beli saham adalah sebagai berikut:
Nilai pembelian saham + komisi pialang + PPN 10% atau
Nilai penjualan saham + komisi pialang + PPN 10% + pajak penghasilan sebesar 0,1%

Untuk pembelian dan penjualan saham, pemodal harus membayar biaya komisi kepada pialang/broker yang melaksanakan pesanan. Besarnya komisi ditentukan oleh Bursa. Di Bursa Efek Jakarta besarnya biaya komisi tersebut setinggi-tingginya adalah 1% dari nilai transaksi (jual atau beli). Artinya besarnya biaya komisi dapat dinegosiasikan dengan pialang/broker dimana pemodal melakukan jual-beli saham. Umumnya untuk transaksi beli pemodal dikenakan fee broker sebesar 0.3% dari nilai transaksi sedangkan untuk transaksi jual dikenakan 0.4% (untuk transaksi jual pemodal masih dikarenakan pajak penghasilan atas penjualan saham sebesar 0.1% dari nilai transaksi).

Kalau informasi yang saya ambil dari BEI (Bursa efek Indonesia), untuk dapat menjadi seorang investor, caranya sangat mudah :

Datang ke Perusahaan Sekuritas:

Serahkan fotocopy KTP yang berlaku.
Mengisi formulir yang telah disediakan oleh pihak Perusahaan Sekuritas.
Transfer sejumlah dana sebagai deposit awal kerekening broker yang telah ditentukan (Masing-masing broker menentukan deposit berbeda-beda)
Setelah disetujui, selanjutnya kita sudah siap bertransaksi!!!

Mudah kan… silakan mencoba

To a few person which really has once studied at formal education with financial majors have old stuff with stock terminology, perhaps also chastened trick get good stock investment and right. But divides nontechnical person once by this terminology but most draw for farther know about stock and gets investment in it, they shall selftaught with look for information as much as possible of education non forrmal maypun there are many asks to its pro. Actually if we often open websitenya Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI), there have available clear information how to if someone wants to do stock investment, but no false it if on this writing I comment few.

My following quotes writing that is at

www. investasisaham. org :

How Becomes Effect firm Client (Client Account uncovering)

Before You do stock merchant, are like that of open acc therefore beforehand You shall open account at one or many Effect firm . With that account uncovering therefore in an official way You were noted as client and Your id data book in book keeping Effect firm as Name, Address, Bank Account number and other datas. Coincide with this account uncovering, You menandatangani agreement with corporate Effect which concern the right and obligation both of clefts party.

Get what Cost Stock Merchant?

Component of sell cost and buys stock be as follows:

Stock buy point + broker commission + VAT 10% or

Stock sell point + broker commission + VAT 10% + income taxs as big as 0,1%

To buying and selling of stock, pemodal shall pay commission cost to broker / broker that performs order. Its outgrows commission determined by Stock. At Jakarta Stock Exchange outgrows it that commission cost at the farthest is 1% of appreciative transactions (sell or buys). Its mean outgrows commission cost that dinegosiasikan can with broker / broker where pemodal does stock merchant. Generally for transactions to buy pemodal is put on fee broker as big as 0.3% of appreciative transactions whereas for transactions to sell is put on 0.4% (for transactions to sell pemodal stills because of income tax on stock sell as big as 0.1% of appreciative transactions).

If information that I takes from BEI (Indonesian stock exchange), to cans be an investor, its trick is so easy:

Come to sekuritas's firm:

KTP'S photostat handing over that prevailing.
Filling form already being provided by sekuritas's firm party.
Transfer a number fund as advance deposit to broker account already been determined (Each broker determines different deposit)
After been agreed, hereafter we was ready transact!!!

Investasi Saham - Stock Investment

2011-12-01T20:35:00.001-08:00

Salah satu jenis investasi lainnya adalah investasi saham atau sering juga disebut investasi ekuitas. Banyak yang bertanya-tanya, apakah invesatsi jenis ini dikategorikan halal atau haram? Memang bedangnya sangat tipis. Sebagai katakanlah Anda seorang Muslim yang baik, sudah barang tentu akan meninggalkan segala sesuatu yang berbau Subhat (berada di wilayah abu-abu atau penuh keraguan).

Inti dari fatwa MUI bahwa investasi saham itu halal adalah (sumber : fatwa no 80/DSN-MUI/III/2011):

Tidak mengandung transaksi dengan unsur spekulasi (judi) atau tanpa alasan jelas,
Tidak bertransaksi dengan menggunakan margin,
Tidak bertransaksi jual terlebih dahulu baru membeli (Short Selling),
Tidak bertransaksi menggunakan informasi orang dalam (Insider Information), dan
Transaksi Beli dan Jual juga harus terhadap efek – efek syariah, antara lain saham yang termasuk Daftar Efek Syariah (DES) dan Jakarta Islamic Index (JII).

Sekarang kita belajar teori investasi saham. Berikut saya kutip pengertian Investasi saham yang ada di WIkipedia Indonesia :

Investasi saham (ekuitas) umumnya berhubungan dengan pembelian dan penyimpanan saham modal pada suatu pasar modal oleh investor baik perorangan (individu) maupun perusahaan (institusi) dalam mengantisipasi pendapatan dari deviden dan keuntungan modal sebagaimana nilai saham tersebut yang meningkat. Hal tersebut juga kadang kadang berkaitan dengan akuisisi saham (kepemilikan) dengan turut serta dalam suatu perusahaan swasta (tidak tercatat di bursa) atau perusahaan baru ( suatu perusahaan sedang dibuat atau baru dibuat). Ketika investasi dilakukan pada perusahaan yang baru, hal itu disebut sebagai investasi modal ventura dan pada umumnya dipahami mempunyai risiko yang lebih besar dari investasi yang dilakukan pada situasi-situasi dimana saham tersebut tercatat di bursa.

Penyertaan Langsung dan Dana terkumpul
Penyertaan secara langsung dapat dilakukan oleh investor dengan beberapa cara :

Investasi modal ventura
Investasi penyertaan modal secara langsung pada perusahaan yang telah berdiri dan tidak tercatat di pasar modal. Biasanya dilakukan untuk memperkuat posisi keuangan perusahaan, ekspansi bisnis perusahaan atau dapat juga guna menyelamatkan oparasional perusahaan karena kesulitan likuiditas.
Investasi secara langsung pada perusahaan yang telah tercatat pada pasar modal. Pada umumnya jual beli saham dilakukan dengan menggunakan jasa pialang (di Indonesia dikenal dengan istilah perusahaan perantara perdagangan efek), sedangkan mekanisme perdagangan ditetapkan oleh otoritas pasar modal dan perusahaan perantara perdagangan efek yang bersangkutan.

Investasi tidak langsung pada umumnya dilakukan oleh perorangan dengan melalui penyimpanan reksadana atau bentuk lain yang khusus dari investasi dana terkumpul, sebagian besar dari mereka mencantumkan harga yang terpampang di surat kabar keuangan atau majalah majalah bisnis.

Menurut Undang-undang Pasar Modal nomor 8 Tahun 1995 pasal 1, ayat (27): “Reksadana adalah wadah yang dipergunakan untuk menghimpun dana dari masyarakat Pemodal untuk selanjutnya diinvestasikan dalam portofolio Efek oleh Manajer Investasi.”

Reksa dana pada umumnya dikelola oleh perusahaan pengelola dana yang terkenal (contohnya: Fidelity or Vanguard). Dengan melakukan penyimpanan dana seperti itu investor individu memperoleh kesempatan untuk melakukan diversifikasi risiko dengan modal yang kecil serta mendapatkan akses terhadap keahlian manajer pengelola yang profesional dalam hal pengelolaan dana tersebut. Suatu alternatif umumnya dilakukan oleh investor dan institusi besar (seperti dana pensiun besar) adalah dengan menyimpan saham secara langsung; dalam lingkungan institusi banyak nasabah yang memiliki portofolio sendiri mempunyai apa yang disebut dana segregasi yang berlawanan arti dengan, atau sebagai tambahan, yang terkumpul, seperti alternatif reksadana.

Kontroversi dalam penyimpanan dana langsung atau melalui bentuk usaha investasi kolektif

Keuntungan terbesar dalam berinvestasi pada dana terkumpul adalah akses kepada keahlian investor yang profesional dan mendapatkan diversifikasi dari penyimpanan pada dana tersebut. Investor juga menerima jasa diasosiasikan dengan dana tersebut seperti, laporan tertulis berkala dan pembayaran dividen (yang mana sesuai). Hal yang cukup merugikan dari investasi pada dana terkumpul adalah pembayaran fee ke para manajer dari dana tersebut ( umumnya harus dibayar pada awal dan setiap tahunnya dan kadang pada saat keluar) dan diversifikasi dana yang mana bisa atau tidak bisa cocok dengan latar belakang kebutuhan para investor.

Adalah memungkinkan untuk terjadinya diversifikasi berlebihan. Jika investor menyimpan beberapa dana, risiko dan struktur dari posisinya secara keseluruhan adalah suatu amalgam dari penyimpanannya dalam semua dana yang berbeda dan dapat pula dipertanyakan penyimpanan investor tersebut dengan dibandingkan dengan index atau risiko pasar secara perkiraan bisa berhasil.

Biaya atau fee yang dibayar ke organisasi pengelola dana profesional harus di monitor secara hati hati. Pada banyak kasus yang tidak baik (seperti: fee dan biaya lainnya yang mana fee lebih tidak terlihat dan tersembunyi dalam lingkungan kerja dari organisasi) lebih besar dibandingkan dengan pembayaran pendapatan dividen dan pengembalian keuntungan setelah pajak dimana investor berharap dalam suatu tahun rata rata.

Analisis Fundamental dan Analisis Teknikal

Di dalam upaya untuk mencoba mengidentifikasi saham yang bagus bagi suatu investasi, terdapat dua pemikiran: analisis teknikal dan analisis fundamental. Yang pertama dilakukan dengan mempelajari sejarah dari harga saham dan sejarah harga dari bursa saham secara keseluruhan; para analis teknis telah mengembangkan berbagai indikator, beberapa diantaranya sangat kompleks, yang diharapkan untuk memberikan informasi yang berguna dari segi volume dan harga. Analisis fundamental dilakukan dengan mempelajari semua informasi relevan yang berhubungan dengan saham tersebut dan kondisi pasarnya untuk mencoba melihat prospek bisnis di masa yang akan datang dan perkembangan keuangan/finansial termasuk pergerakan dari harga saham itu sendiri. Informasi fundamental yang dipelajari termasuk laporan keuangan, dan setiap akunnya, data industri (seperti tren penjualan dan pemesanan) serta melihat kondisi umum perekonomian dan keuangan (seperti tren dari tingkat suku bunga).

Bagaimana Harga Saham Ditentukan

Harga suatu saham ditentukan oleh para pelaku pasar berdasarkan pada permintaan dan penawaran dari saham yang bersangkutan di pasar modal, dimana relasi antara harga dan penawaran adalah bersifat negatif (penawaran meningkat harga turun), sedangkan relasi antara harga dan permintaan bersifat positif (permintaan meningkat harga naik).

Hal lain yang memengaruhi penawaran dan permintaan suatu saham diantaranya adalah ekspektasi atau harapan dimasa datang terhadap perusahaan tersebut dan isu isu yang berkaitan dengan performa perusahaan yang bersangkutan sehingga menimbulkan spekulasi yang bersifat sementara (di dalam pasar modal Indonesia saham yang sperti ini dikenal dengan istilah saham gorengan).

Salah satu teori mengenai harga saham di dalam siklus investasi profesional yang berkelanjutan adalah Hipotesis Pasar yang Efisien (EFM), walaupun teori ini telah didiskreditkan oleh berbagai kalangan secara luas, baik di kalangan akademik dan para profesional pasar modal. Secara ringkas, teori ini menunjukkan bahwa harga saham suatu ekuitas adalah harga yang efisien dan akan cenderung mengikuti pergerakan secara acak yang ditentukan oleh munculnya berita berita (yang secara acak) dari waktu ke waktu. Oleh karena itu investor ekuitas yang profesional cenderung menghabiskan waktu mereka tenggelam dalam arus informasi yang bersifat fundamental guna memperoleh keuntungan lebih dari pesaing pesaing mereka (terutama investor profesional lainnya) dengan secara lebih cerdas menafsirkan aliran informasi (berita) yang muncul tersebut.

Teori EFM tampaknya tidak memberikan gambaran yang lengkap dari proses penentuan harga ekuitas, misalnya karena pasar saham yang lebih stabil daripada sebuah teori yang mengasumsikan bahwa harga adalah hasil dari diskonto arus kas di masa datang yang diharapkan akan terjadi. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir ini telah disadari bahwa pasar saham tidak efisien secara sempurna, terutama mungkin di pasar negara negara berkembang atau pasar lain di mana tingkat aktifitas yang profesional (ketersediaan informasi yang baik) masih kurang.

Teori lain penentuan harga saham berasal dari bidang Prilaku Finansial (Keuangan). Di dalam prilaku finansial, diyakini bahwa orang kadangkala membuat keputusan yang tidak rasional, terutama terkait dengan pembelian dan penjualan saham yang didasarkan pada suatu ketakutan dan persepsi yang salah terhadap suatu kejadian. Perdagangan saham yang tidak rasional sering kali dapat menciptakan harga saham yang menyimpang dari harga rasional, yang berdasarkan pada penilaian harga fundamental. Sebagai contoh, selama masa penggelembungan teknologi yang terjadi pada akhir tahun 90-an dan selanjutnya meledak kembali di tahun 2000-2002, saham perusahaan teknologi seringkali ditawar jauh melampaui nilai fundamental rasionalnya yang disebabkan oleh apa yang dikenal secara umum sebagai teori “kebodohan yang lebih besar”. Teori Kebodohan yang Lebih Besar menyatakan bahwa karena metode pradominan untuk merealisasikan keuntungan saham yang diperoleh dari penjualan kepada investor lain, seseorang harus memilih saham yang mereka yakini bahwa orang lain akan menilai saham tersebut pada tingkat yang lebih tinggi di masa yang akan datang.

Lihat lebih lanjut Memulai Investasi Saham

One of another investment type is stock investment or often also so-called ekuitas's investment. There are many that asks, what is invesatsi this type kosher dikategorikan or prohibited? Really bedangnya very slim. As says You a Moslem which well, have goods of course will leave all something which smelly Subhat (be at grey region or full dubiety).

Fundamental of that MUI'S advice that stock investment kosher is (source: advice no. 80 / III. DSN MUI / / 2011):

Don't contain transactions with elemental venture (gamble) or motiveless clear,
Don't transact by use of margin,
Don't transact to sell beforehand new buys (Short selling),
Don't transact to utilize insider information (Insider Information), and
Transactions Buys and Sell shall also to effect

Now we study stock investment theory. My following quotes stock Investment savvy that is at WIkipedia Indonesia:

Stock investment (ekuitas)

generally is engaged buy and laid up capital stock at one particular capital market by individual good investor (individual) and also firm (institution) in anticipate income from deviden and capital gain as it were that stock point one increases. That thing also episodic gets bearing with akuisisi stock (ownership) with ala and deep a swasta's firm (are not recorded at stock) or new firm( a firm is being made or new is made). While are investment do on firm a new one, that thing at conceive of ventura's capital investment and in a general way comprehended have greater risk of investment that is done on situation where that stock is noted at stock.

Direct accompaniment and collected Fund

Straightforward accompaniment can be done by investor with some ways:

ventura's capital investment
Straightforward capital accompaniment investment on firm already stands up and not recorded at capital market. Usually been done to strengthen corporate finance position, expansion carries on business firm or get also utilised save oparasional firm because liquidity handicap.
Straightforward investment on corporate already been noted on capital market. In a general way stock merchant is done by use of broker service (at recognised Indonesia with intermediates corporate terminology trade effect), meanwhile commerce mechanism established by capital market authority and trade intermediate firm effect which pertinent.

Indirect investment in a general way did by individual by passes through reksadana's storage or special other form of collected fund investment, most of they attach price that terpampang at financial newspaper or business magazines.

Number Capital Market statutory 8 Year 1995 sections 1, sentence (27):

Mutual fund in a general way brought off by organizer firm lents fund that famous (its example: Fidelity or Vanguard). By undertaking such a fund storage individual investor get chance to do diversifies risk with capital little one and gets access to manager forte professional organizer in term that fund management. An alternative generally being done by investor and institution outgrows (as pension fund outgrows) are with keep stock face to face; in institution environment a lot of client that have portofolio aloning to have what fund the so called segregasi that contrary mean with, or in addition, one that collected, as alternative as reksadana.

Controversy in stored direct fund or through collective investment effort form

Greatest gain in gets investment on collected fund is access to investor forte that professional and getting is diversified from storage on lents fund that. Investor also accept service associated by that fund as, periodic written report and paying divident (which accords). Thing that adequately disadvantages from investment on paying collected fee goes to managers of that fund( generally have in the early been paid and each year it and sometime upon issue) and diversified by fund which can or can't fasten by requirement background investors.

Are enable for its happening diversifies overacting. If investor keeps many funds, risk and structure of its position as a whole is an amalgam of its storage in all fund which variably and gets too questioned by that investor storage with compared with by index or estimate ala market risk can successful.

Cost or fee which is paid to funds managing organization professional shall at monitor carefully. On there are many case which not good (as: fee and another cost which more fee not looked and hidden on the premises of organisational) are even greater as compared to divident income payment and afters gain return taxes where investor hope in an average year.

Analisis is Fundamental and Analisis Teknikal

At in the effort to try identify stock that nicely divides an investment, available two thinkings: analisis teknikal and analisis is fundamental. The first did by studies history of stock price and price history of stock market as a whole; analysts technical have developed various indicator, severally among those highly complex, one that is expected to give beneficent information of volume and price facet. Analisis is fundamental did by studies all relevant information that is engaged that stock and condition of market it to try see business prospect at proximately and finance developing / financial included move of that stock price is alone. Studied fundamental information included financial statement, and each akunnya, industrial data (as tren sell and ordering) and sees economics common condition and financially (as tren of rate of interest zoom).

How is Stock Price is determined

Price a stock determined by agents market up on requisition and offer of pertinent stock at capital market, where is relationship among price and offer is get negative character (offer increases downwards price), meanwhile relationship among price and requisition gets positive character (requisition increases rising prices).

Other thing that memengaruhi offer and requisition a stock amongst those is ekspektasi or expectation at term cominging to that firm and issue issue that gets bearing with performa pertinent firm causing tentative venture (in stocks Indonesian capital market which sperti this was known by fried stock terminology).

One of theory hit stock price in professional investment cycle sustainable is Efficient Market Hypothesis (EFM), although this theory was discreditted by various circle widely, well among academic and professional capital market. In summary, this theory points out that stock price an ekuitas is efficient price and will tend to follow move at random that prescribed by its appearance newses (one that at random) from time to time. Therefore professional ekuitas investor tending whiles away they sinking in current information which get utilised fundamental character get gain more than their competitor (particularly another professional investor) with on a more streaming conjugate smart information (news) one that appearance.

EFM'S theory descries it not give fledged picture of ekuitas's price pixing process, e.g. since more stock market stable than one theory which assume that price is yielding from diskonto cash flow in the forthcoming that expected will happen. In last few years this was realised that inefficient stock market perfect ala, particularly may at effloresce state markets or other markets whereabouts professional activity zoom (availibility of information which well) still reducing.

Prices pixing other theory stock come from Financial Behavior area (Financially). In financial behavior, believed that kadangkala's person make decision that don't rasional, particularly relates by buying and selling of stock which be gone upon at one particular fear and incorrect perception to an instance. Stock commerce that don't rasional oft get to create stock price that deviates from rasional's price, one that up on fundamental price estimation. For example, up to technological distension term that happening on year-end 90 an and further blow up backs at year 2000 2002, technological corporate stock oftentimes is bargained far went behind rasionalnya's fundamental point that because of what does be known in common as cognitive as

More see Beginning Stock Investment

Investasi Pendidikan Anak

2011-12-01T17:31:00.001-08:00

Tanpa kita sadari, mempunyai anak bagaikan menanam pohon (baca : investasi) jangka panjang yang akan kita petik hasilnya di kemudian hari, sehingga jika ingin mendapatkan hasil (buah) yang baik maka sejak dini harus dipupuk dan dipelihara, bagaimana tidak di dalam ajaran agama, keberhasilan orang tua dalam mendidik anak menjadi anak yang soleh tercermin dan akan dinikmatinya kelak ketika si orang tua itu mendekati usia senja ataupun setelah meninggal dunia. Tentunya si anak akan memberikan nilai positip bagi siorang tua baik dari segi materi (dengan ridho orang tua tentunya) dan dari segi amaliah, yaitu doa si anak soleh tsb.

Analogi dari bait di atas juga berlaku bagi investasi untuk kepentingan dunia. Berikut ini saya kutip tulisan Pak Safir Sanduk, seorang perencana keuangan yang pernah ada di tabloid Nova :

Tak terasa, kini kita sudah mendekati tahun ajaran baru. Tidak bisa dipungkiri bahwa dari tahun ketahun biaya pendidikan semakin mahal. Entah biaya pendidikan di universitas maupun di SD s/d SMU. Jangankan SD s/d SMU, orangtua keponakan saya yang tahun ini masuk TK pun harus merogoh uang yang cukup banyak untuk hanya membayar uang pangkal.

Menariknya, ketika berbicara tentang biaya pendidikan, banyak yang menganggap bahwa pendidikan adalah sebuah investasi. Lho, investasi apa? Ya, investasi. Harapannya, uang yang mereka keluarkan untuk biaya pendidikan si anak kelak akan kembali.

Sekarang, bagaimana dengan Anda? Kalau saat ini Anda adalah orangtua yang sedang berusaha memberikan pendidikan yang terbaik untuk anak Anda, apakah Anda sendiri juga menganggap bahwa Anda sedang melakukan investasi untuk anak Anda?

Arti Investasi
Apa sih arti investasi itu sendiri? Saya terus terang sering membaca buku-buku keuangan yang luar biasa rumit pembahasannya. Di situ sering diceritakan bahwa investasi adalah begini atau investasi adalah begitu. Tapi sejujurnya, arti investasi buat saya adalah tindakan yang Anda lakukan untuk memperbesar nilai aset yang Anda punya. Contohnya nih, Anda punya uang tunai sebesar Rp 10 juta. Nah, Anda ingin menjadikan Rp 10 juta tersebut menjadi Rp 15 juta dalam waktu 1 tahun. Apa yang akan Anda lakukan? Mungkin memasukkannya ke sejumlah produk investasi. Atau, beberapa orang ada juga yang menggunakan uang Rp 10 juta tersebut menjadi modal usaha. Prinsipnya, diharapkan Anda akan mendapatkan untung Rp 5 juta dari Rp 10 juta tersebut, entah itu dari bunga atau dari pertumbuhan nilai aset itu sendiri.

Perlu diingat bahwa aset itu tidak hanya uang tunai lho. Rumah itu juga aset. Misalnya, Anda punya rumah senilai Rp 100 juta (bangunan + tanah). Anda ingin agar dalam setahun rumah tersebut bisa bernilai Rp 140 juta. Nah, apa yang Anda lakukan agar rumah tersebut tumbuh nilainya adalah sebuah tindakan berinvestasi. Misalnya dengan menambah taman disekililingnya, melakukan renovasi-renovasi kecil, dan lain sebagainya.

Hubungannya dengan Pembayaran Biaya Pendidikan Anak Anda
Lalu, apa hubungannya dengan biaya yang selalu Anda bayarkan setiap tahunnya untuk pendidikan anak Anda? Tergantung bagaimana Anda memandangnya. Apakah Anda berharap dengan membiayai pendidikan anak, kelak biaya hidup Anda akan ditanggung si anak? Anda harus menyadari bahwa pembiayaan pendidikan yang Anda lakukan untuk anak seharusnya memang sudah menjadi konsekuensi Anda sebagai orang tua. Ya kan?

Saran saya, jangan pernah membiayai pendidikan anak tetapi berharap bahwa suatu saat kelak si anak akan memberikan imbalan langsung kepada Anda. Entah anak Anda akan memberikan uang atau membiayai hidup Anda. Sekali-sekali jangan sampai itu terlintas di pikiran Anda, karena sekali lagi pembiayaan pendidikan yang Anda lakukan adalah sebuah kewajiban yang harus Anda lakukan, tanpa Anda perlu berpamrih apa-apa.

Tapi, menurut saya, pendidikan anak sebetulnya tetaplah sebuah investasi. Hasil dari pembiayaan pendidikan yang dilakukan orang tua nantinya akan lebih banyak dinikmati oleh si anak itu sendiri, bukan oleh si orang tua.

Sebagai contoh, bila orangtua membayari pendidikan anaknya, si orang tua boleh berharap bahwa mudah-mudahan saja dengan pendidikannya si anak bisa menjalani kehidupannya sehari-hari dengan baik nantinya ketika kelak ia dewasa. Atau, dengan pendidikan yang baik, diharapkan si anak bisa lebih pandai dalam berpikir, bertindak dan berkomunikasi.

Nah, apabila hasil investasi itu telah dinikmati oleh si anak, maka barulah secara tidak langsung keluarganya juga akan ikut terangkat derajat dan martabatnya. Ya, siapa sih yang tidak bangga bila si anak bisa menyelesaikan pendidikannya dan bisa jadi 'orang' serta punya peran di masyarakat? Siapapun pasti bangga. Ya kan?

Jadi, pantaslah bila dikatakan bahwa dengan Anda membayari pendidikan anak Anda, Anda sebetulnya telah melakukan investasi. Bukan investasi yang menghasilkan uang untuk keluarga, tapi investasi untuk menjadikan hidup anak Anda lebih baik, sehingga nantinya itu juga akan mengangkat derajat dan martabat Anda sebagai orang tuanya. Persiapkan biaya pendidikan anak Anda dengan baik sehingga Anda akan selalu punya cukup uang untuk membayari pendidikan anak Anda.

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Insurance

Technical Analysis

Jenis Investasi - Types of Investments

Tabungan

Keuntungan Tabungan

Kerugian Tabungan

Deposito

Keuntungan Deposito

Kerugian Deposito

Reksadana

Keuntungan Reksadana

Kerugian Reksadana

Obligasi

Keuntungan Obligasi

Kerugian Obligasi

Saham

Keuntungan Saham

Kerugian Saham

Emas

Keuntungan Emas

Kerugian Emas

Properti

Keuntungan Properti

Kerugian Properti

Technical Analysis: Conclusion

Technical Analysis: Indicators And Oscillators

Technical Analysis: Moving Averages

Technical Analysis: Chart Patterns

Technical Analysis: Chart Types

Technical Analysis: What Is A Chart?

Technical Analysis: The Importance Of Volume

Technical Analysis: Support And Resistance

Deposito - Deposits

Keuntungan

Kerugian

Technical Analysis: The Use Of Trend

Technical Analysis: Fundamental Vs. Technical Analysis

Technical Analysis: The Basic Assumptions

Tabungan - Savings

Technical Analysis: Introduction

Investment - Investasi

Pengertian

Produk

Bentuk

Resiko

Land Investment - Investasi Tanah

Strategi Dalam Investasi Saham - Strategy In Stock Investment

Bagaimana Memulai Investasi Saham ?

Kalau informasi yang saya ambil dari BEI (Bursa efek Indonesia), untuk dapat menjadi seorang investor, caranya sangat mudah :

Investasi Saham - Stock Investment

Kontroversi dalam penyimpanan dana langsung atau melalui bentuk usaha investasi kolektif

Investasi Pendidikan Anak